Enhancement of the interlaminar performance of silica/phenolic laminates after high-temperature pyrolysis using a boron carbide/silicon carbide fibre z-pin

A Novel Fused SiO2 and h-BN Modified Quartz Fiber/Benzoxazine Resin Ceramizable Composite with Excellent Flexural Strength and Ablation Resistance

“…In particular, with the development of hypersonic aircraft with high Mach numbers and long endurance, aerodynamic heating has become much more severe. Thus, thermal protection materials (TPMs) are regarded as key components in hypersonic vehicles [6][7][8]. According to the thermal protection mechanisms, TPMs can be divided into heat sink-, transpiration cooling-, radiation-, and ablation-type TPMs [9][10][11].…”

“…However, the complex preparation process and high cost limit large-scale applications [3,10]. Radiation-type TPMs can dissipate heat via the radiation of high-emissivity materials, such as silicides, carbides, and borides of transition metals [8,12]. They exhibit excellent heat resistance, oxidation resistance, and ablation resistance under hostile service environments and can be used as long-term thermal protection materials in hypersonic vehicles [4,13].…”

“…However, they exhibit high density, complex preparation process, high manufacturing temperature (typically above 2000 • C), long preparation cycle, and high price. Therefore, they are only applied in local ultra-high-temperature parts, such as the nose tip, sharp leading edge of the body, and inlet of the engine, but fail to provide large-area thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles [3,8]. Ablation-type TPMs dissipate heat by sacrificing themselves (such as pyrolysis, melting, sublimation, and other physical and chemical reactions) and lose part of their own mass [5,14].…”

“…However, as a carbon material, C/C inevitably has the disadvantage of being easily oxidized. Surface modification can enhance the oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composite materials, but the complex preparation process and long production cycle limit the potential application in large-area thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles [8,18,19]. Similarly, CF/Ph is also prone to oxidation failure.…”

“…Similarly, CF/Ph is also prone to oxidation failure. The oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of CF/Ph could be significantly improved via matrix modification and fiber-coating strategies [5,8,20]. For example, Chang et al reported an Al 2 O 3f -CF/Ph modified with HfB 2 and SiB 6 that achieves a linear ablation rate (LAR) of 0.06 mm/s [21].…”