Enhancement of the anabolic effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I by use of both agents simultaneously.

Abstract

The use of growth hormone (GH) as an anabolic agent is limited by its tendency to cause hyperglycemia and by its inability to reverse nitrogen wasting in some catabolic conditions. In a previous study comparing the anabolic actions of GH and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I), we observed that intravenous infusions of IGF-I (12 Mg/kg ideal body wt [IBWJ/h)

Inactivation of the acid labile subunit gene in mice results in mild retardation of postnatal growth despite profound disruptions in the circulating insulin-like growth factor system

“…This model would predict that null ALS mice with limited retention of liver-derived IGF-I would not respond as well to GH therapy or would have greater muscle wasting after endotoxin exposure (34,35). In support of this hypothesis, IGF-I therapies are more effective when ternary complex formation is improved by co-administration of GH or IGFBP-3 (36,37).…”

The adaptation of soleus and edl in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis: IGF‐1 and fibrosis

“…In particular IGF-1 is a growth stimulating agent for muscle cells in vitro [11,25,28,35] and in vivo [3], although the in vivo role of IGF-1 in stimulating muscle growth in adult animals is less clear and may rely in part on the presence of growth hormone [21]. Recent evidence also suggests that muscle growth in response to stretch is associated with the expression of an alternatively spliced form of IGF-1 [15,39].…”

Perioperative catabolism

“…Hence, a number of strategies have been designed to minimize catabolic illness and, ideally, enhance outcome. 55 Such therapies include the administration of endocrine (growth hormone, 56,57 insulin, 58 glucagon-like peptide-1, 59 steroids) or other agents (ß-blocker), 60 glycemic control, 61 various types of anesthesia (epidural anesthesia, intravenous opioids), 28,62 as well as nutritional support, in particular the provision of specific nutrients such as polyols (xylitol, sorbitol), fructose, [63][64][65] and amino acids (glutamine, arginine, branched chain amino acids, 66-68 aketoanalogues). 69 Due to lack of effectiveness (branched chain amino acids, glutamine, 70 a-ketoanalogues, intravenous opioids), unavailability in North America (polyols, fructose), cost and side effects (growth hormone, steroids, xylitol), 71,72 only two treatment modalities are presently used in clinical practice -glycemic control and nutritional support.…”