Enhancement of the adhesive joint strength of the epoxy–amine system via the addition of a resole-type phenolic resin

Sturiale, A.; Vázquez, Analı́a; Cisilino, Adrián P.; Manfredi, Liliana Beatriz

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2006.01.007

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Figure shows the FTIR spectra of cardanol derivatives obtained after acetylation (CDPac) followed by epoxidation with fresh Lipase (CDPac‐ep1). The two spectra mainly differ for the presence of the peaks at 1,275, 1,154, and 827 cm −1 , indicative of the formation of the epoxy ring for sample CDPac‐ep1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for PVC

Greco

Ferrari

Sole

et al. 2016

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This work is aimed to study the suitability of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride), (PVC). The plasticizers are obtained by chemical modification of cardanol, a natural, renewable resource, obtained as a by‐product of the cashew nut shell industry. Due to the choice of environmentally friendly chemical modification routes, partial conversion of cardanol to the target compounds was obtained. Consequently, the tested plasticizers were composed of a mixture of different cardanol derivatives. Rheological tests on PVC plastisols obtained with neat cardanol showed that cardanol must be subjected to chemical modifications, such as acetylation and epoxidation, in order to perform as an effective plasticizer. In particular, only after epoxidation, does the cardanol derivative become fully soluble in PVC. PVC plastisols obtained with such cardanol derivatives present a similar gelation temperature compared to bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) based plastisols. Mechanical properties of the flexible PVC produced by the addition of cardanol derived plasticizer after epoxidation are also comparable to those attained by the use of DEHP. Nevertheless ageing tests showed an accelerated migration of cardanol derived plasticizer, attributed to the loss of unreacted cardanol present in the plasticizer, which was in turn responsible for a significantly faster degradation of the properties, compared to flexible PVC containing DEHP. This highlights the relevance of achieving a high yield of the acetylation and epoxidation reactions, which is a relevant issue of the future research and development activities in this field. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:E62–E70, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for PVC

Greco

Ferrari

Sole

et al. 2016

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…The amount and resin type in an adhesive formulation affect its performance, so it is necessary to evaluate the corresponding amounts to obtain the desired properties. Previous report [8] carried out the shear test for single overlap in cured probes using as substrate aluminium with adhesive formulations prepared with phenolic resin in different concentrations. According to the results, a higher resin concentration increases the shear strength; it was also found that the failure kind depends on resin concentration in formulation, so phenolic resin was shown to be an effective additive to improve adhesive properties.…”

Section: Adhesive Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Addition of Reactive Resin for an Adhesive Formulation of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

Hernández-Martínez¹,

Cruz²,

LuisRivera-Armenta³

et al. 2016

Adhesives - Applications and Properties

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Nowadays, adhesive industry is growing, and its development will be important in a short future because it offers good returns, and in some cases it is a better option for packaging and sealing with advantages in prices, productivity and weight reduction. In terms of joining and/or sealing, adhesives are well positioned among joining systems; however, knowledge about adhesives is need for their efficient use and only through proper design of the union can be achieved satisfactory results. In this chapter, a development of a formulation of pressure-sensitive adhesive based on styrenebutadiene copolymers using a reactive resin is reported. Non-aromatic solvents were used in adhesive formulation with the aim of avoiding the emission of harmful solvents into the Atmosphere, and the adequate combination and amount of solvents were found. The effect of addition of a phenolic resin in the adhesive formulation as a crosslinking agent was evaluated. By means Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the crosslinking reaction was also studied. The performance of adhesive formulation was evaluated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

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“…Binders are important components of unshaped refractory, which were used as adhesive matter. Usually, organic binders can resist temperatures only lower than 100°C, of which phenolic resins have the best heat‐resistance and generally can resist temperatures lower than 220°C, while inorganic binders can resist temperatures up to 400–1300°C, even above 1800°C. There are three types of commonly used inorganic binders that are phosphates, silicates, and cement .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of composition and structure of aluminum phosphate binder

Wei

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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In this article, theoretical analysis and different testing techniques were used to study the reaction pathways and synthesized products of phosphoric acid and aluminum hydroxide at different Al/P molar ratios. The results show that: (a) When the molar ratio of phosphoric acid/aluminum hydroxide is 1:3, the reaction will produce stoichiometric aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (Al(H 2 PO 4 ) 3 ); (b) when Al(OH) 3 is excessive, an intermediate, monohydroxy aluminum dihydrogen phospate (HO-Al-(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ), will appear, which is unstable and will continue to react according to two reaction pathways, one is intramolecular dehydration to form phosphoric acid hydrogen-dihydrogen aluminum diphosphate (H 2 PO 4 )Al(HPO 4 ); the other is intermolecular dehydration cross-linking to form a polymeric macromolecular aluminum phosphate H-((HPO 4 )(H 2 PO 4 )Al-O-HPO 4 -Al(H 2 PO 4 )-O)n H. The ratio of the two pathways is affected by the excess of Al(OH) 3 . When the excess of Al(OH) 3 continues to increase, the ratio of the second reaction path begins to increase and the viscosity of the product gradually increases. Adhesion experiments show that the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate has the best bonding performance benefiting from its lower viscosity. K E Y W O R D SAl/P molar ratio, aluminum phosphate binder, bonding performance, composition, reaction route

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Enhancement of the adhesive joint strength of the epoxy–amine system via the addition of a resole-type phenolic resin

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Use of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for PVC

Use of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for PVC

Evaluation of Addition of Reactive Resin for an Adhesive Formulation of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

Study of composition and structure of aluminum phosphate binder

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