Enhancement of Singgora Roof Tile Using Chemical Modification Method

Abstract

Singgora roof is a Malay traditional design of roof construction. Singgora was very popular among Malay traditional houses and buildings long time ago but now suffering declining of customer demand. Several problems were known such as low fracture toughness, growth of fungus and the irregular surface finishing. Extensive work should be conducted to sustain the historical heritage and the mentioned problem must be overcome. Throughout this research, the properties of commercial Singgora roof was identified and characterized. To enhance the properties, Feldspar was added to the raw clays as flux materials at different concentration (0, 10, 15, 20 wt.%) during mixing process. Samples were shaped by using POP and fired at 800 °C for 16 hours. The final products were characterized for mechanical and physical properties such as density, impact and three-point bending test. From the result, enhanced product showed higher density and toughness based from Charpy impact test.

Evaluating the environmental maintenance impact (EMI): a carbon life cycle assessment (LCA) of the Singgora roof tiles repair in heritage buildings

“…Case study The processes start with the selection of raw clay material, that is, identification of its resourcing location (Abdullah, 2014;Ashraf, 2018;Kamarudin et al, 2018). It must be emphasised that the quality of raw clay material is highly dependent upon the experience and capability of the person who makes the selection (either skilled or unskilled).…”

“…Evidently, the usage of wellmaintained Singgora roof tiles in heritage building's roof is influencing their preservation (Hassan and Harun, 2013). Moreover, well-preserved Singgora roof tiles in heritage buildings will commonly reduce the repairs (Abdullah, 2014;Ashraf, 2018;Kamarudin et al, 2018).…”

Zno Loaded Singgora Roof Tiles as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

“…This study utilised Singgora roof tiles, a clay-based roofing material, as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel. The highest concentration components inside the Singgora roof tiles are silica (SiO2), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), and iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) [10]. Singgora roof tiles are frequently employed as a roofing material for a diverse range of structures, including palaces, mosques, and private residences.…”