Enhancement of seepage and lateral preferential flow by biopores on hillslopes

Nieber, John L.; Steenhuis, Tammo S.; Walter, T.; Bakker, Mark

doi:10.2478/s11756-006-0162-1

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This estimate for the increase in effective hydraulic conductivity was determined by simulating the case with no macropores using several trial runs with various increased values of the matrix saturated hydraulic conductivity. This increase in effective hydraulic conductivity is very similar to the result found by Nieber et al (2006) for flow in a saturated cylinder of soil containing a population of disconnected macropores. The hydraulic gradient along the seepage face in line with macropores M1 and M2 is 31Ð2 and 10Ð6, respectively (Table I).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…None of the macropores are directly connected to one another. The analysis formulation applied is similar to that presented by Nieber et al (2006) where water flow in a vertically oriented cylinder of soil was simulated for the case where disconnected macropores are present. The main difference between the previous study and the model applied here lies in the function used to describe the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and the fact that in the present case we examine the flow in a sloping soil block rather than a vertically oriented soil column.…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nieber et al (2006) noted that the self-organization concept proposed by Sidle et al (2000Sidle et al ( , 2001 may be described by percolation theory (Hunt, 2005). Later, others have discussed the application of percolation theory to connectivity of subsurface flow paths (Lehmann et al, 2007;Troch et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do disconnected macropores in sloping soils facilitate preferential flow?

Nieber

Sidle

2010

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Runoff from hillslopes is generated by processes such as infiltration-excess and saturation overland flow, subsurface stormflow and subsurface return flow. Preferential flow through macropores can affect any one of these runoff generation processes. Field studies at the Hitachi Ohta Experimental Watershed in Japan have noted that self-organization processes may manifest the connectivity of such subsurface flow paths, particularly via macropores, from hillslopes to stream channels. It is well established from soil physics principles that the connectivity of macropore networks depends on soil wetness and this has been shown experimentally at Hitachi Ohta where subsurface flow and streamflow respond to thresholds of wetness. Numerical solutions to the three-dimensional Richards equation are derived for a sloping soil block containing a population of disconnected macropores of various sizes, shapes and orientations. Solutions for the case of steady water flux applied to the surface of the soil block are evaluated to determine the conditions where the disconnected macropores become active in the flow process. Results show that subsurface flow is directed through the preferential flow network in the saturated portion of the soil but bypasses the macropores in the drier regions. The preferential flow network expands as the degree of saturation increases. The expanding network of active macropores leads to less resistance to overall flow in the domain and access to increased volumes of the flow domain. Although the individual macropores are disconnected, it is argued that large localized hydraulic gradients can potentially lead to preferred zones of subsurface erosion. In addition to the importance of these findings related to stormflow generation in catchments, they add support to the concept of self-organization of subsurface flow systems in soils.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do disconnected macropores in sloping soils facilitate preferential flow?

Nieber

Sidle

2010

Hydrological Processes

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110

118

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“…We can confirm findings of David et al (2008), that machinegrading of ski slopes does not impact soil water content only, but can cause also an increased surface flow and impacts of the water system in catchment area. The differentiation between water direction flows on hill slopes is rather complex self-organising process depending on abundance and orientation of soil macro pores (Nieber et al 2006).…”

Section: Soil Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ski slopes management on Krvavec ski resort (Slovenia) on hydrological functions of soils

2009

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Abstract:The study was performed on the ski resort Krvavec, which is one of the most frequented ski resorts in Slovenia. The ski slopes serve as pastures for cattle during summer time and range from 1500 to 2000 m a.s.l., which is at or above the upper timberline. To offer a longer ski season and to profit snow better (either natural or artificial one) the slopes have been levelled and consequently the soil profile has been changed. Such altered soil profile characteristics strongly impact hydrological functions of soils. To study these impacts, five plots (20 × 20 m) have been chosen on the slopes with a different history: pasture without any amelioration work, a patch of forest in the ski resort without any ameliorations, and three plots with different intensity of amelioration. Dynamics of soil water content on each plot has been determined by measuring soil water content in-situ with portable TDR system during several days after long lasting heavy rains. Statistically significant differences were shown in soil water content between the plots after the rain, although some differences between plots have disappeared in the following days.

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“…Fed by macropore water, the small matrix barriers will become saturated even when the soil matrix as a whole remains unsaturated. They then form part of a saturated macropore-soil-matrix-system that conducts water better in vertical and horizontal direction than the bulk of the soil matrix (Nieber et al, 2006). Sidle et al (2001) proposed the concept of a self-organising network of preferential flow pathways, where the connections in the network are controlled by moisture level.…”

Section: Rapid Drainage Q Rdmentioning

confidence: 99%

SWAP version 4

Kroes¹,

Dam²,

Bartholomeus

et al. 2017

128

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. SWAP version 4; Theory description and user manual. Wageningen, Wageningen Environmental Research, Report 2780. 244 pp.; 57 fig.; 17 tab.; 312 ref. SWAP 4 simulates transport of water, solutes and heat in the vadose zone. It describes a domain from the top of canopy into the groundwater which may be in interaction with a surface water system. The program has been developed by Wageningen Environmental Research and Wageningen University, and is designed to simulate transport processes at field scale and during entire growing seasons. This is a new release with recent developments on atmosphere, soil water and crop growth interactions.This manual describes the theoretical background, model use, input requirements and output tables. • Acquisition, duplication and transmission of this publication is permitted with clear acknowledgement of the source.• Acquisition, duplication and transmission is not permitted for commercial purposes and/or monetary gain.• Acquisition, duplication and transmission is not permitted of any parts of this publication for which the copyrights clearly rest with other parties and/or are reserved.Wageningen Environmental Research assumes no liability for any losses resulting from the use of the research results or recommendations in this report. Wageningen Environmental Research Report 2780 | ISSN 1566-7197Photo cover: The picture on the front cover shows SWAP's core processes in the soil below a grass vegetation positioned in a rural area with different land uses. ContentsPreface 7 and hence the dynamics of light interception. During crop development a part of the living biomass dies due to senescence (Chapter 7).Grass growth is special: it is perennial, very sensitive to nitrogen, and grass is either grazed or mowed. Therefore SWAP includes a separate WOFOST module for grass, which simulates these special grass features (Chapter 7).SWAP simulates transport of salts, pesticides and other solutes that can be described with basic physical relations: convection, diffusion, dispersion, root uptake, Freundlich adsorption and first order decomposition. In case of advanced pesticide transport, including volatilization and kinetic adsorption, SWAP can be used in combination with PEARL. In case of advanced transport of nitrogen and phosphorus, SWAP can be used in combination with ANIMO or Soil-N (Chapter 8).SWAP may simulate soil temperature analytically, using an input sine function at the soil surface and the soil thermal diffusivity. In the numerical approach, SWAP takes into account the influence of soil moisture on soil heat capacity and soil thermal conductivity. The top boundary condition may include air temperatures or soil surface temperatures (Chapter 9).The snow module calculates the accumulation and melting of a snowpack when the air temperature is below a threshold value. The water balance of the snow pack includes storage, incoming snow and rain and outgoing melting and sublimation. Melting may occur due to air temperature rise or heat release from rainfall. When a snowpack is p...

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Enhancement of seepage and lateral preferential flow by biopores on hillslopes

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

How do disconnected macropores in sloping soils facilitate preferential flow?

How do disconnected macropores in sloping soils facilitate preferential flow?

The impact of ski slopes management on Krvavec ski resort (Slovenia) on hydrological functions of soils

SWAP version 4

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