Enhancement of Primary Antigen-Specific Resistance in Infant Mice with Divinyl Ether-Maleic Anhydride

Richmond, Jonathan Y.; Campbell, Charles H.

doi:10.1128/iai.10.5.1029-1033.1974

Infect Immun

1974

DOI: 10.1128/iai.10.5.1029-1033.1974

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Enhancement of Primary Antigen-Specific Resistance in Infant Mice with Divinyl Ether-Maleic Anhydride

Jonathan Y. Richmond

Charles H. Campbell

Abstract: The early response of infant mice to foot-and-mouth disease viral antigens, measured by greater resistance and increased serum-neutralizing antibody, was enhanced by divinyl ether-maleic anhydride (DVE/MA). Preparations of known antigen concentration were used to study various parameters influencing this enhancement. Resistance and antibody levels were increased when DVE/MA was administered with aqueous or oil-emulsified antigens, whether given separately or mixed with the antigens, but was dependent on the do… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…The supernatant fluid collected 24 h later was clarified by centrifugation, frozen in 1-ml aliquots, and stored at -57 C. This wt stock had a titer of 107-3 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml when assayed in BK cells and 107-2 mean lethal dose (LD,0)/ml for infant mice. FMD virus, type C, subtype Resende (C-Res), was used as a heterologous virus in cross-protection experiments (17).…”

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Production, Isolation, and Partial Characterization of Three Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants

Richmond

1975

Infect Immun

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Three high temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus were characterized by their relative abilities to grow at 33 or 38.5 C, to kill infant mice, to infect guinea pigs, and to produce foot-and-mouth disease in steers. Mutants ts-24 and ts-42 did not grow at 38.5 C; both may have produced considerable quantities of noninfectious virus particles at 33 C. A third mutant, ts-22, appeared "leaky" because it multiplied to a limited extent during prolonged incubation at the nonpermissive temperature. Mutant ts-42 was pathogenic for infant mice, whereas ts-22 and ts-24 were essentially apathogenic. Mice were protected against the lethal effects of the wild-type (wt) virus if injected 1 week earlier with ts-22, apparently as a result of specific antibody development. One-half of the guinea pigs injected with the mutant viruses showed lesion development, but only at the site of injection. Antibody development was also much less than in those animals injected with the wt virus. The onset of FMD in steers was delayed and the severity of the disease was diminished after intradermalingual injection of the mutant viruses.

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Production, Isolation, and Partial Characterization of Three Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants

Richmond

1975

Infect Immun

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The biologic activity of polyanions: Past history and new prospectives

Regelson

1979

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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SYNOPSISThe toxicology of synthetic polyanions relates to molecular weight. This developed from experience with pyran copolymer (divinyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer), which was tested clinically as an antitumor agent and found to be too toxic for continued clinical trial. Synthetic polyanions of low molecular weight are potent stimuli to macrophage phagocytic function and possess antitumor activity. Increased host resistance to pathogens including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and trypanosomes is seen. In contrast to lower-molecular-weight fractions, higher-molecular-weight samples inhibit macrophage function, and apparently increased molecular weight > 15,000 is necessary for antiviral and immunologic stimulating capacity. One possible mechanism for the action of polyanions may relate to redistribution of calcium ions within the cell and increasing cyclic GMP activity. This is a redefinition for the role of polyanions in sol -gel alteration in cytoplasm. The killing effect of the polyanion-activated macrophage on tumor cells resembles that of the polyanion on the nucleus. Polyanions may be potent controllers of the stability of DNA within the nucleus and can act to derepress cells to turn on protein synthesis or, alternatively, inhibit enzymes involved in virus synthesis and control of RNA or DNA polymerase. Thus, they are cogent tools in an understanding of the physiology of nuclear interaction. Biological use for these agents can be developed not only in clinical approaches to inhibition of tumor or viral infection, but to eliminate plutonium, and provide selective enzyme inhibition and protein interaction which allows for isolation, neutralization, and characterization of blood and tissue protein and glycoprotein fractions vital for a wide range of pathophysiology.(1,000,ooO M.W.) Sulf. Chitoran Sulf. Pectic Acid AmidsSulf. Oxid. Cellulose Hydroxornic Acid Laminorin Sulfate aAll animals showed 10% body weight loss. Legend: +, % inhibition 50% or greater; (+), 30-49%. b leukemia [48, 59-621, C3H mammary tumor transplants [62], methylcholanthrene derived transplants [63], and dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) induced tumors [64], the LSTRA sarcoma [58], Madison lung carcinoma [65] and prostatic adenocarcinoma in the rat [66], and the M109 lung carcinoma and colon tumor [67]. Pyran prevents polyoma induced tumors and Rauscher leukemia in thymectomized mice [57]. Pyran induces interferon in both humans and mice [16 -18, 52, 681, but antitumor and antiviral activity do not correlate with interferon induction [25, 54, 691. Pyran can both stimulate and inhibit host immune response [l, 2, 25, 70 -761 and alter in vitro lymphoblastic response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) [70 -741. Pyran inhibits the early cation-dependent steps of complement activity (G. S. White, personal communication, 1976) [77, 781, but can activate the C3 bypass. Pyran can prevent adjuvant induced arthritis [76], and its effects on skin graft survival are controversial. Toxicologically, the clinically tested pyran fraction...

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Studies with divinyl ether-maleic anhydride and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in swine

Campbell

Richmond

McKercher

1974

Archiv f Virusforschung

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Enhancement of Primary Antigen-Specific Resistance in Infant Mice with Divinyl Ether-Maleic Anhydride

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Production, Isolation, and Partial Characterization of Three Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants

Production, Isolation, and Partial Characterization of Three Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants

The biologic activity of polyanions: Past history and new prospectives

Studies with divinyl ether-maleic anhydride and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in swine

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