Enhancement of Photostabilization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) in the Presence of Tin–Cephalexin Complexes

Abstract

Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, has many attractive properties, including low cost of manufacture, resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, and ease of molding. However, PVC suffers from aging in harsh conditions, leading to the shortening of its useful life. Stability to irradiation, for example, can be improved through the incorporation of additives to PVC. The design, synthesis, and application of new stabilizers continue to attract attention. The current work investigates the effect of three tin–cephalexin complexes on the stability of PVC on irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light (λ = 313 nm) at 25 °C for a long duration. The PVC was blended with tin–cephalexin complexes at low concentrations (0.5% by weight), and thin films (around 40 µm) were made from the mixed materials. Various methods, including weight loss, infrared spectroscopy, and surface inspection of irradiated films were used to investigate the role played by these additives in the inhibition of PVC photodecomposition. The results confirmed that the additives led to a significant reduction in the rate of photodecomposition of the PVC blends. Tin–cephalexin complexes can absorb harmful radiation, deactivate hydrogen chloride, and scavenge high-energy species such as peroxides, therefore acting as stabilizers for PVC.

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Containing Clotrimazole to Suppress Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Thin Films

“…The C–H bond (1328 cm −1 ) of CH 2 groups in the polymeric chain was used for comparison since irradiation has minimal effect on its intensity. The frequency corresponding to the C=O and C=C absorption bands is consistent with those reported [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. However, the position of the C=O absorption band may vary depending on the type of carbonyl-containing fragments produced (aliphatic ketone, acid chloride, or chloroketone).…”

“…The use of synthesized organotin complexes led to significant improvements in the Rq. The level of improvement in the Rq was found to be highly dependent on the type of organic moiety in the tin complexes [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

“…Recently, several groups of organometallics have been synthesized and used as PVC photostabilizers [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. The current research involves the assessment of a combination of several metal oxide NPs and clotrimazole as PVC photostabilizers with the advantage that no additional synthetic procedures are involved to produce the additives.…”

Effect of ecofriendly grapefruit peel extract on PVC thin films photostabilizing tested under harmful weathering conditions

“…As a result, PVC residues owning CC (unsaturated chains) and CO (ketones and chloroketones) groups are generated. To evaluate the effects of irradiation on PVC, FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the generation and increase of bands corresponding to vibrations of the CC and CO groups at 1618 and 1714 cm −1 , respectively, during the irradiation process 17 . In order to assess the rise in the intensity of these functional groups, the study utilized a reference peak (CH bond at 1328 cm −1 ) that remained unchanged throughout the exam 12 .…”

“…To evaluate the effects of irradiation on PVC, FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the generation and increase of bands corresponding to vibrations of the C C and C O groups at 1618 and 1714 cm À1 , respectively, during the irradiation process. 17 In order to assess the rise in the intensity of these functional groups, the study utilized a reference peak (C H bond at 1328 cm À1 ) that remained unchanged throughout the exam. 12 The FTIR spectra of the plain polymeric sheet, shown in Figure 1 that the photoirradiation of PVC caused the generation of unsaturated tiny fragments, a reduction in molecular weight, and weight loss.…”