Enhancement of Optical, Piezoelectric, and Mechanical Properties in Crystal Violet Dye-Doped Benzophenone Crystals Grown by Czochralski Technique

Abstract

Pure and crystal violet dye doped (0.05 M%) benzophenone single crystals have been grown by Czochralski technique. Morphology of the grown crystal was analyzed by geometrical and bond energy consideration. Structural characterizations have been performed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystalline perfections of the grown crystals were examined by high resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD). From UV-Vis measurements, increased transmittance with characteristic absorption at 590 nm for CV dye was observed in doped crystal. The photoluminescence intensity has increased by the effect of dye. Dielectric study was performed with temperature at various frequency ranges. In conductivity study, the activation energy in a temperature range of 30 -44 °C for pure and doped crystals were found to be 0.24 eV and 0.22 eV at 5 KHz. The piezoelectric charge coefficient (d 33 ) for pure and dye doped crystal was improved from 1 to 3 pC N -1 along [001]. The non-linear optical characterization has shown the Abstract Pure and crystal violet dye doped (0.05 M%) benzophenone single crystals have been grown by Czochralski technique. Morphology of the grown crystal was analyzed by geometrical and bond energy consideration. Structural characterizations have been performed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystalline perfections of the grown crystals were examined by high resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD). From UV-Vis measurements, increased transmittance with characteristic absorption at 590 nm for CV dye was observed in doped crystal. The photoluminescence intensity has increased by the effect of dye. Dielectric study was performed with temperature at various frequency ranges. In conductivity study, the activation energy in a temperature range of 30 -44 °C for pure and doped crystals were found to be 0.24 eV and 0.22 eV at 5 KHz. The piezoelectric charge coefficient (d 33 ) for pure and dye doped crystal was improved from 1 to 3 pC N -1 along [001]. The non-linear optical characterization has shown the increased SHG efficiency of dye doped crystal. Mechanical properties of the grown crystals have been studied experimentally by Vicker's microhardness technique and variability of the measured data was statistically analyzed by Weibull distribution. No structural changes were observed after indentation in Raman studies confirming the durability of crystal.

Vacuum‐Assisted Technique to Modify the SR Method for Unidirectional Crystal Growth

“…Good-quality and well-shaped crystals were selected as seed crystal and placed at the bottom of the am-poule at the required orientation (101), (001), (101), and (101) of KDP, TGS, ADP, and benzophenone crystals, respectively. [18][19][20][21] Then the saturated solution was poured into the ampoule without disturbing the seed crystal. Figure 3a shows KDP crystal of 65 mm length and 16 mm diameter grown in a period of 26 days.…”

“…For seed preparation, the saturated solutions of the above‐said compounds were prepared and transferred to conventional growth vessels and allowed for slow solvent evaporation. Good‐quality and well‐shaped crystals were selected as seed crystal and placed at the bottom of the ampoule at the required orientation (101), (001), (101), and (101) of KDP, TGS, ADP, and benzophenone crystals, respectively . Then the saturated solution was poured into the ampoule without disturbing the seed crystal.…”

Effect of crystal violet dye on the structural, optical, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of ADP single crystal

“…In the present work, the distribution of hardness values for the (100) plane of pure and dye doped ADP crystals over a range of indentation loads was analyzed using Weibull statistics. Weibull statistical distribution can be successfully applied for lifetime testing and determining mechanical strength of brittle materials [47]. Weibull distribution function is formulated as [27],…”

Growth, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, optical, piezoelectric, dielectric and mechanical properties of bis(L-asparaginium hydrogensquarate) single crystal

“…Pure organic crystals with conjugated -electron systems are an insulator and its conductivity is less than ca 10 À14 cm À1 at room temperature or below (Yadav et al, 2015). However, organic crystals contain defects or other impurities; they become a semiconductor at moderate temperature.…”