Enhancement of multifiber beam elements in the case of reinforced concrete structures for taking into account the lateral confinement of concrete due to stirrup

Effect of early age drying shrinkage on the seismic response of RC structures

“…At the element scale: Internal degrees of freedom can be added to the Timoshenko beam elements in order to account for embedded discontinuities [52] (to take into account the development of cracks within the element or plastic hinges). At the section scale, internal degrees of freedom can be added to account for warping, shear and lateral connements due to stirrups [53], thus by enhancing the section kinematic. At the material scale, internal degrees of freedom can also be used in order to enhance the non-linear material law [54].…”

“…Due to the simplied meshing used for transverse rebars, their cross-sectional area was chosen in a way to make sure to have the same density of rebars in the numerical model and in the real structures. The sectional area of transverse rebars was calculated as follow [53]:…”