Enhancement of mechanical properties of epoxy/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites

Ravichandran, G; Rathnakar, G.; Santhosh, N.; Chennakeshava, R; Hashmi, Mosharib Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s42452-019-0323-9

Cited by 35 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The significant enhancement in the mechanical properties of the hybrid coatings can be attributed to the (i) dispersion hardening effect due to the presence of insoluble and hard ceramic HNTs, (ii) formation of a composite structure which improves the load bearing properties, and (iii) the enrichment of the dislocation density. These findings are consistent with the previous studies. , …”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…These findings are consistent with the previous studies. 42,57 Moreover, the increase in mechanical properties of the developed coatings is attributed to the uniform dispersion of HNTs in the epoxy matrix and their strong tubular interfacial interactions. 58 The well-dispersed HNTs causes crystallization of epoxy monomers, providing significant improvement in mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Halloysite Nanotubes as Smart Carriers for Corrosion Protection

Khan

Hassanein

Habib

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Novel hybrid halloysite nanotubes (HHNTs) were developed and used as smart carriers for corrosion protection of steel. For this purpose, as-received halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were loaded with a corrosion inhibitor, imidazole (IM), by vacuum encapsulation. In the next step, a layer by layer technique was employed to intercalate another inhibitor, dodecylamine (DDA), in the polyelectrolyte multilayers of polyethylenimine and sulfonated polyether ether ketone, leading to the formation of HHNTs. During this process, IM (5 wt %) was successfully encapsulated into the lumen of HNTs, while DDA (0.4 wt %) was effectively intercalated into the polyelectrolyte layers. Later, the HHNTs (3 wt %) were thoroughly dispersed into the epoxy matrix to develop smart hybrid self-healing polymeric coatings designated as hybrid coatings. For a precise evaluation, epoxy coatings containing as-received HNTs (3 wt %) without any loading denoted to as reference coatings and modified coatings containing HNTs loaded with IM-loaded HNTs (3 wt %) were also developed. A comparative analysis elucidates that the hybrid coatings demonstrate decent thermal stability, improved mechanical properties, and promising anticorrosion properties compared to the reference and modified coatings. The calculated corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the modified and hybrid coatings are 92 and 99.8%, respectively, when compared to the reference coatings. Noticeably, the superior anticorrosion properties of hybrid coatings can be attributed to the synergetic effect of both the inhibitors loaded into HHNTs and their efficient release in response to the localized pH change of the corrosive medium. Moreover, IM shows an active release in both acidic and basic media, which makes it suitable for the protection of steel at the early stages of damage, while DDA being efficiently released in the acidic medium may contribute to impeding the corrosion activity at the later stages of deterioration. The tempting properties of hybrid coatings demonstrate the beneficial role of the development of novel HHNTs and their use as smart carriers in the polymeric matrix for corrosion protection of steel.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Halloysite Nanotubes as Smart Carriers for Corrosion Protection

Khan

Hassanein

Habib

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…HNTs have been the focus of industrial and academic research because they can reach micron length or diameter at the nanometer scale, can be extracted from natural deposits cheaply, and are well dispersed in polymer matrices [19]. Scientific studies stated that the mechanical properties of FRP composite could be improved by doping HNTs, such as tensile and flexural loading performance, toughness and fracture properties, and elastic modulus [20][21][22][23]. So far, very little research has been conducted on fiber-reinforced composite's enhanced static loading performance via HNTs contribution in the out-of-plane direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced out-of-plane loading performance of multi-scale glass/epoxy composites doped with HNTs

Özer

Ulus

Kaybal

2023

IJPTE

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Glass fiber reinforced composites have attracted great, widely used specific industrial areas such as defense, aerospace, etc. However, composite plates are defenseless to damage accumulation such as matrix cracks, fiber delamination, and delamination, which limits the application of glass composites in specific industrial areas at limited strength levels. Therefore, analysis of the behavior of composites under the out-of-plane loads is essential to optimize such material. This study examines the out-of-plane loading performance of multi-scale glass/epoxy composite laminate. To improve the load-carrying performance in the direction of out-of-plane, the halloysite nanotube (HNT) particle reinforcement was introduced to the epoxy matrix. The three-point bending tests were conducted to attain the out-of-plane load-carrying performance. The findings show that the flexural strength increases by almost 20% for the HNT-modified glass/epoxy composite compared to the unmodified counterpart; meanwhile, the toughness is effectively improved with the HNT addition. Moreover, the damage process of specimens in three-point bending tests was detected by microscopic examination.

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“…Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are among several different types of nanomaterials that may be utilized as a nanocontainer in several studies, showing a high potential for controlled release purposes in smart coatings [23][24][25]. The unique characteristics of HNT, its dual surface charge in combination with a high specific surface area, biocompatibility, and low price make it a candidate for cross-linking and for the improvement in the properties of epoxy resins [26][27][28]. HNTs have often been used as a nanocontainer [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for Excellent Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling

et al. 2021

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In-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) has been successfully performed by taking advantage of 8-hydroxyquinolines in the lumen of HNTs and precisely synthesized aniline oligomers (AO) of different lengths (tri- and pentamer) anchored on the external surface of the HNTs. Several analyses, including FTIR, H-NMR, TGA, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEM, were used to establish the nature of the HNTs’ surface engineering. Nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy resin at 0.1 wt.% loading for investigation of the contribution of surface chemistry to epoxy cure behavior and kinetics. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data were fed into home-written MATLAB codes, and isoconversional approaches were used to determine the apparent activation energy (Eα) as a function of the extent of cure reaction (α). Compared to pristine HNTs, AO-HNTs facilitated the densification of an epoxy network. Pentamer AO-HNTs with longer arms promoted an Excellent cure; with an Eα value that was 14% lower in the presence of this additive than for neat epoxy, demonstrating an enhanced cross-linking. The model also predicted a triplet of cure (m, n, and ln A) for autocatalytic reaction order, non-catalytic reaction order, and pre-exponential factor, respectively, by the Arrhenius equation. The enhanced autocatalytic reaction in AO-HNTs/epoxy was reflected in a significant rise in the value of m, from 0.11 to 0.28. Kinetic models reliably predict the cure footprint suggested by DSC measurements.

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Enhancement of mechanical properties of epoxy/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Hybrid Halloysite Nanotubes as Smart Carriers for Corrosion Protection

Hybrid Halloysite Nanotubes as Smart Carriers for Corrosion Protection

Enhanced out-of-plane loading performance of multi-scale glass/epoxy composites doped with HNTs

In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for Excellent Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling

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