Enhancement of light propagation depth in skin: cross-validation of mathematical modeling methods

Kwon, Kiwoon; Son, Taeyoon; Lee, Kyoung-Joung; Jung, Byungjo

doi:10.1007/s10103-008-0625-4

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Efforts have been made by several groups with some success and limitations. In his work, Kwon et al [4] analyzed the light propagation through the multiple layers of skin comparing three mathematical modeling methods (finite element method, Monte Carlo method, and analytic solution method), and showed that the penetration depth of the light can be enhanced if the incident beam power and diameter, the amount of hyperosmotic chemical agent, or whole or partial skin compression is applied. They also developed a compression-controlled low-level laser probe utilizing the mechanical negative compression to increase the photon density in soft tissues [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new design of light illumination scheme for deep tissue photoacoustic imaging

Wang¹,

Ha²,

Kim³

2012

Opt. Express

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Abstract:A new light illumination scheme to increase imaging depth in photoacoustic (PA) imaging was designed and evaluated by in silico simulations and tested by in vitro experiments. A relatively large portion of the light energy shining into the body of a human reflects off the skin surfaces. Collecting the reflected light and redirecting it onto skin surfaces will increase the effective input energy, resulting in an increase of light penetration depth for the same light source. Its performance in PA imaging was evaluated using a finite element (FE)-based numerical simulation model composed of four modules. In the in vitro experiments with the light catcher, PA image of multiple targets at different locations exhibited an enhancement both in uniformity and in depth of the light illumination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new design of light illumination scheme for deep tissue photoacoustic imaging

Wang¹,

Ha²,

Kim³

2012

Opt. Express

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“…Light with a wavelength range of 700-1000 nm is infrared and invisible, and penetrates tissue better than light in the red wavelengths (600-700 nm). 11 Clinically, laser irradiation in skin flaps has shown that penetration increases linearly with wavelengths from 450 nm to 1030 nm. 12 This was further supported by results from a study of two different red laser wavelengths in human skin flaps, which showed that a wavelength of 675 nm penetrated better than did a wavelength of 632.8 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Penetration Time-Profiles for Continuous 810 nm and Superpulsed 904 nm Lasers in a Rat Model

Joensen

Øvsthus

Reed

et al. 2012

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the rat skin penetration abilities of two commercially available low-level laser therapy (LLLT) devices during 150 sec of irradiation. Background data: Effective LLLT irradiation typically lasts from 20 sec up to a few minutes, but the LLLT time-profiles for skin penetration of light energy have not yet been investigated. Materials and methods: Sixty-two skin flaps overlaying rat's gastrocnemius muscles were harvested and immediately irradiated with LLLT devices. Irradiation was performed either with a 810 nm, 200 mW continuous wave laser, or with a 904 nm, 60 mW superpulsed laser, and the amount of penetrating light energy was measured by an optical power meter and registered at seven time points (range, 1-150 sec). Results: With the continuous wave 810 nm laser probe in skin contact, the amount of penetrating light energy was stable at *20% (SEM -0.6) of the initial optical output during 150 sec irradiation. However, irradiation with the superpulsed 904 nm, 60 mW laser showed a linear increase in penetrating energy from 38% (SEM -1.4) to 58% (SEM -3.5) during 150 sec of exposure. The skin penetration abilities were significantly different ( p < 0.01) between the two lasers at all measured time points. Conclusions: LLLT irradiation through rat skin leaves sufficient subdermal light energy to influence pathological processes and tissue repair. The finding that superpulsed 904 nm LLLT light energy penetrates 2-3 easier through the rat skin barrier than 810 nm continuous wave LLLT, corresponds well with results of LLLT dose analyses in systematic reviews of LLLT in musculoskeletal disorders. This may explain why the differentiation between these laser types has been needed in the clinical dosage recommendations of World Association for Laser Therapy.

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“…The skin region affected by the CCLLP swells outward except for the area under the optical fiber probe. In the previous uniform compression study [10], the photon density did not increase in the swollen areas but increased in the region of skin under the optical fiber probe. In this study, which is a fundamental generalization of the simulation reported in [10], we numerically simulated such competing effects between the swollen and compressed regions in the CCLLP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another previous study, we mathematically modeled and simulated the effects of tissue compression [10]. We simulated tissue compression in two ways: (1) non-uniform skin deformation with constant optical coefficients and (2) uniform skin deformation with variable optical coefficients depending on changes in skin thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods such as increasing the power and diameter of the incident beam [3][4][5], application of optical clearing agents [6,7], and skin compression [8][9][10] have been suggested to increase the photon density in tissues. In a previous study, we developed a compression-controlled low-level laser probe (CCLLP) to increase the photon density in tissues by applying negative compression [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical Modeling of Compression-Controlled Low-level Laser Probe for Increasing Photon Density in Soft Tissue

Kwon

Son

Yeo

et al. 2011

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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Various methods have been investigated to increase photon density in soft tissue, an important factor in low-level laser therapy. Previously we developed a compression-controlled low-level laser probe (CCLLP) utilizing mechanical negative compression, and experimentally verified its efficacy. In this study, we used Bezier curves to numerically simulate the skin deformation and photon density variation generated by the CCLLP. In addition, we numerically modeled changes in optical coefficients due to skin deformation using a linearization technique with appropriate parameterization. The simulated results were consistent with both human in vivo and porcine ex vivo experimental results, confirming the efficacy of the CCLLP.

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Enhancement of light propagation depth in skin: cross-validation of mathematical modeling methods

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

A new design of light illumination scheme for deep tissue photoacoustic imaging

A new design of light illumination scheme for deep tissue photoacoustic imaging

Skin Penetration Time-Profiles for Continuous 810 nm and Superpulsed 904 nm Lasers in a Rat Model

Numerical Modeling of Compression-Controlled Low-level Laser Probe for Increasing Photon Density in Soft Tissue

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