Enhancement of inter-hemispheric brain waves synchronisation after Pranayama practice

Gandhi, Tapan Kumar; Kapoor, Anu; Kharya, Chhaya; Aalok, Veda Vrata; Santhosh, Jayasree; Anand, Sneh

doi:10.1504/ijbet.2011.042494

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…[ 37 38 ] Earlier studies established significantly increased parieto-occipital gamma power in long-term practitioners of Vipassana and mindfulness meditation,[ 39 40 ] also after bhramari pranayama,[ 41 ] and with increased practice of pranayama. [ 9 ] Experienced meditation practitioners showed higher gamma-band activity pre, during, and post meditation than the controls over most of the areas. The postmeditation higher values suggest that temporal integrative mechanisms induce short-term and long-term neural changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yogic practices with conscious and controlled variation in breathing frequency, resistance, pauses, and nostril dominance are found to increase electrical power in multifrequency bands and are known to enhance interhemispheric brain wave synchronization, which subsequently improves neurocognitive abilities and emotional states in a positive way. [ 7 8 9 10 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-frequency cerebral activation and interhemispheric synchronization following sudarshan kriya yoga as global brain rhythms: The state effects

et al. 2020

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Context: Respiration is known to modulate neuronal oscillations in the brain and is measured by electroencephalogram (EEG). Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a popular breathing process and is established for its significant effects on the various aspects of physiology and psychology. Aims: This study aimed to observe neuronal oscillations in multifrequency bands and interhemispheric synchronization following SKY. Settings and Design: This study employed before- and after-study design. Subjects and Methods: Forty healthy volunteers (average age 25.45 ± 5.75, 23 males and 17 females) participated in the study. Nineteen-channel EEG was recorded and analyzed for 5 min each: before and after SKY. Spectral power for delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency band was calculated using Multi-taper Fast Fourier Transform (Chronux toolbox). The Asymmetry Index was calculated by subtracting the natural log of powers of left (L) hemisphere from the right ® to show interhemispheric synchronization. Statistical Analysis: Paired t -test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Spectral power increased significantly in all frequency bands bilaterally in frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions of the brain after long SKY. Electrical activity shifted from lower to higher frequency range with a significant rise in the gamma and beta powers following SKY. Asymmetry Index values tended toward 0 following SKY. Conclusions: A single session of SKY generates global brain rhythm dominantly with high-frequency cerebral activation and initiates appropriate interhemispheric synchronization in brain rhythms as state effects. This suggests that SKY leads to better attention, memory, and emotional and autonomic control along with enhanced cognitive functions, which finally improves physical and mental well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-frequency cerebral activation and interhemispheric synchronization following sudarshan kriya yoga as global brain rhythms: The state effects

et al. 2020

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“…Breathing practices has been an integral part of the Yoga system and have been practised for millenia for improved mental and physical well being. Recent studies have shown the effect of breathing on mental states and electrical activity in the brain [15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalographic dynamics of rhythmic breath-based meditation

Tripathi

Bhasker

Kharya

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Meditation has been practised for millennia but the neuroscientific understanding of the dynamics is still lacking. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is an evidence based breathing based meditation technique that utilizes rhythmic breathing to induce a deep state of relaxation and calm. Multiple studies have found benefits of the SKY technique from genetic, physiological, psychological to behaviour levels. We collected Electroencephalographic (EEG) data in 43 subjects who underwent the SKY technique and analysed the brain rhythms at different stages of the technique namely preparatory breathing (Pranayama), rhythmic breathing (Kriya) and meditation (Yoga Nidra) using newly developed methods to analyse periodic and aperiodic components. Alpha waves amplitude in the parieto-occipital region decreased as the rhythmic breathing progressed and dropped sharply during the meditation period. Theta amplitudes and peak frequency increased in the centro-frontal region during the rhythmic breathing period but were marked by sustained low theta waves during the meditation period. The delta wave amplitude was not affected by breathing but both delta band power and peak frequency increased during the meditation period in the centro-frontal region. We also saw a decrease in the 1/f aperiodic signal across the brain during the meditation period suggesting a modification of excitation-inhibition balance. We see an overall slowing down of brain oscillations from alpha to theta to delta as the meditation progressed. The paper studies in depth the transitional dynamics of the SKY technique analysing the alpha, theta, delta waves and aperiodic signals and demonstrates that each phase in a breathing based meditation has a unique electrophysiological signature.

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“…Extensive research in the field of affective brain mapping has been published on characterising EEG variations during distinct emotion elicitations using Power Spectral Density (PSD) (Kawasaki et al, 2009;Chanel et al, 2011;Gandhi et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Jatupaiboon et al, 2013), Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) (Li and Lu, 2009;Fattahi et al, 2013), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis (Yoon and Chung, 2013), entropy analysis (Hosseini, 2011;Khalilzadeh et al, 2010;Srinivasan et al, 2007), Higher Order Crossing (HOC) analysis (Petrantonakis and Hadjileontiadis, 2010a; Petrantonakis and Hadjileontiadis, 2010b), third-order spectral analysis (Hosseini et al, 2010;Hosseini, 2012) and statistical analysis (Takahashi and Tsukaguchi, 2004;Yuen et al, 2013) techniques. Current research findings reveal that PSD is an established technique for EEG signal analysis in the frequency domain (Dressler et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression diagnosis and management using EEG-based affective brain mapping in real time

Mahajan

Bansal

2015

IJBET

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Development of affective Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) via Electroencephalogram (EEG) has emerged as a cynosure of research in early diagnosis and effective management of depression. However, conventional BCIs are still lacking in terms of high computational complexity, less accuracy due to Fourier phase suppression and lack of substantial conclusion for depression diagnosis. An automated, EEG-based depression diagnostic and management tool is proposed to overcome these limitations. Channel eventrelated potentials, cross-coherence and power spectra plots in MATLAB are quantified and studied as an outcome to map real-time, emotion-specific multichannel EEG data set into distinct emotional states. A fast and stable fourth-order statistics-based independent component analysis is incorporated to reject temporal/spatial artefacts. Increases in frontal alpha (8-13 Hz) and delta (0.5-4 Hz) power/coherence are during depressed and normal/relaxed states, respectively. Devotional music (relaxed state) is found to facilitate depression elimination. Results are found to be statistically significant across all subjects with minimal p-values. Hence, it has been inferred that the proposed model has the potential to aid early and accurate depression diagnostic and management process.

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Enhancement of inter-hemispheric brain waves synchronisation after Pranayama practice

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

High-frequency cerebral activation and interhemispheric synchronization following sudarshan kriya yoga as global brain rhythms: The state effects

High-frequency cerebral activation and interhemispheric synchronization following sudarshan kriya yoga as global brain rhythms: The state effects

Electroencephalographic dynamics of rhythmic breath-based meditation

Depression diagnosis and management using EEG-based affective brain mapping in real time

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