Enhancement of Immunosuppression by Substitution of Fish Oil for Olive Oil as a Vehicle for Cyclosporine

n – 3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of human cytokine synthesis

“…In an animal transplant model, n-3 fatty acids even enhanced cyclosporin A-induced immunosuppression [6]. In 1993 the intriguing results were reported [7] of a one-year intervention trial with dietary fish oil in 66 patients after renal transplantation.…”

Use of fish oil to prevent graft rejection

“…Both experimental and clinical studies have recently shown that n-3 fatty acid-enriched diets reduce nephrotoxicity and graft rejection in cyclosporine A-treated recipients (Kelley et al 1990;van der Heide et al 1993). Since dietary supplementation with EPA is associated with slow kinetics and limited availability for inflammatory processes, the intravenous route of n-3 lipid administration might prove superior in an immunological reaction as grave as acute rejection.…”

Immunomodulatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid through induction of regulatory T cells

“…In the 1980s, in the light of the discovery of the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 PUFAs on immune responses, some researchers attempted to inhibit solid-organ allograft rejection and prolong allograft survival by daily administration of omega-3 PUFAs in animal models [24][25][26][27] or patients [28][29][30]. The results were disappointing, however, with outcomes improving only slightly.…”