Enhancement of p-xylene selectivity in the reaction between 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol over an ammonium fluoride-modified ZSM-5 zeolite

Abstract

The renewable synthesis of p-xylene (PX) via Diels-Alder cycloaddition of biomass derived 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) and ethanol was realized over various catalysts. In the tandem reaction, multiple competitive reactions exist, among...

Renewable p-Xylene Production by Catalytic Conversion of Crude Bioglycerol (GTA-pX Process)

“…Increasing demand for the above-mentioned products represents the need to increase the production rate of p -X. Generally, p -X is produced by catalytic reforming of fossil naphtha, and the production rate of p -X is predominantly affected by the decrease in fossil resources. , Further, the products formed out of fossil-derived p -X are very hazardous to aquatic organisms and habitats . Therefore, the decrease in conventional fossil resources, environmental concerns, and increasing demand for p -X has encouraged us to seek an eco-friendly green process for the sustainable production of p -X from alternate sources.…”

Insight into the effect of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide on HZSM-5 zeolite and its application in the reaction between 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol to p-xylene

“…4,31 Particularly for the reaction between 2,5-DMF and ethanol, it has also been verified by previous research that due to its shape-selective properties and appropriate acidity, HZSM-5 zeolite exhibited better p-xylene selectivity than the 12-membered ring HBeta zeolite and mesoporous WO X /ZrO 2 . 32 However, the existence of the single micropore system leads to severe diffusion limitations, which not only decrease the catalyst's stability but also change the product distribution. 33,34 To alleviate this drawback, intense trials were made for the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites, 35,36 which contain the catalytic features of micropores as well as having the advantage of enhanced accessibility and transportation by introduction of a secondary mesopore system.…”