“…Other authors have studied the strengthening and improvement of construction materials through the interaction between natural products and cement hydrates. For instance, Zhang et al 42 added 0.025% tannic acid, a plant-borne polyphenol, to heat-cured cement which resulted in the enhancement of compressive and flexural strengths in cement pastes, by improving the hydration degree of cement and decreasing of porosity as studied by XRD, TGA and SEM. Another recent study uses the tannic acid to treat recycled concrete fines to partially replace Portland cement.…”