Enhancement of grain number per spike by RNA interference of cytokinin oxidase 2 gene in bread wheat

Li, Yulian; Song, Guang; Gao, Jie; Zhang, Shujuan; Zhang, Rongzhi; Li, Wei; Chen, Mingli; Liu, Min; Xia, Xianchun; Risacher, Thierry; Li, Genying

doi:10.1186/s41065-018-0071-7

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The same effect of elevated grain number, spike number, and yield was reported for RNAi-silenced HvCKX1 in barley [20,21,24] and repeated for the same gene under field conditions [25]. Moreover, significantly increased grain number per spike was found as the effect of the TaCKX2.4 gene silencing by RNAi [26]. Knock-out mutation of HvCKX1 by CRISPR/Cas9 editing had a limited effect on yield productivity, however significantly decreased CKX enzyme activity in young spikes and 10-day old roots corresponded to greater root length, numbers of root hairs and increased surface area [27].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Silencing of TaCKX1 Mediates Expression of Other TaCKX Genes to Increase Yield Parameters in Wheat

Jabłoński

Ogonowska

Szala

et al. 2020

IJMS

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TaCKX, Triticum aestivum (cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) family genes influence the development of wheat plants by the specific regulation of cytokinin content in different organs. However, their detailed role is not known. The TaCKX1, highly and specifically expressed in developing spikes and in seedling roots, was silenced by RNAi-mediated gene silencing via Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the effect of silencing was investigated in 7 DAP (days after pollination) spikes of T1 and T2 generations. Various levels of TaCKX1 silencing in both generations influence different models of co-expression with other TaCKX genes and parameters of yield-related traits. Only a high level of silencing in T2 resulted in strong down-regulation of TaCKX11 (3), up-regulation of TaCKX2.1, 2.2, 5, and 9 (10), and a high yielding phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by a higher spike number, grain number, and grain yield, but lower thousand grain weight (TGW). The content of most of cytokinin forms in 7 DAP spikes of silenced T2 lines increased from 23% to 76% compared to the non-silenced control. The CKs cross talk with other phytohormones. Each of the tested yield-related traits is regulated by various up- or down-regulated TaCKX genes and phytohormones. The coordinated effect of TaCKX1 silencing on the expression of other TaCKX genes, phytohormone levels in 7 DAP spikes, and yield-related traits in silenced T2 lines is presented.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Silencing of TaCKX1 Mediates Expression of Other TaCKX Genes to Increase Yield Parameters in Wheat

Jabłoński

Ogonowska

Szala

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The effect of CKX on important agricultural traits has been known at least since the iconic identification of OsCKX 2 as the determinant of grain yields in rice [ 225 ]. Similar results were observed in other works [ 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 ] for which lower CKX expression led to more tillering, an increased number of siliques and/or seeds, and thus to higher yield. Interestingly, Zhang et al [ 230 ] observed a positive correlation between the grain number per spike and the expression of two TaCKX 2 genes in young spikes.…”

Section: Deactivation Of Cytokininssupporting

confidence: 91%

The Hulks and the Deadpools of the Cytokinin Universe: A Dual Strategy for Cytokinin Production, Translocation, and Signal Transduction

2021

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Cytokinins are plant hormones, derivatives of adenine with a side chain at the N6-position. They are involved in many physiological processes. While the metabolism of trans-zeatin and isopentenyladenine, which are considered to be highly active cytokinins, has been extensively studied, there are others with less obvious functions, such as cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and aromatic cytokinins, which have been comparatively neglected. To help explain this duality, we present a novel hypothesis metaphorically comparing various cytokinin forms, enzymes of CK metabolism, and their signalling and transporter functions to the comics superheroes Hulk and Deadpool. Hulk is a powerful but short-lived creation, whilst Deadpool presents a more subtle and enduring force. With this dual framework in mind, this review compares different cytokinin metabolites, and their biosynthesis, translocation, and sensing to illustrate the different mechanisms behind the two CK strategies. This is put together and applied to a plant developmental scale and, beyond plants, to interactions with organisms of other kingdoms, to highlight where future study can benefit the understanding of plant fitness and productivity.

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“…The overexpression of CKX genes leads to cytokinin-deficiency phenotype, such as an enlarged root system, reduced activity of the vegetative and floral shoot apical meristem, and an earlier differentiation of plastids and reduction of chlorophyll content in leaves [ 15 , 19 ]. On the other hand, CKX-deficient mutants showed an increased number of reproductive organs and higher seed yield in Arabidopsis, rice, barley or wheat [ 5 , 6 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Response to Inhibitor of Cytokinin Degradation INCYDE: Modulations of Cytokinin Signaling and Plant Proteome

Berková

Kameniarová

Ondrisková

et al. 2020

Plants

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Cytokinins are multifaceted plant hormones that play crucial roles in plant interactions with the environment. Modulations in cytokinin metabolism and signaling have been successfully used for elevating plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Here, we analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana response to INhibitor of CYtokinin DEgradation (INCYDE), a potent inhibitor of cytokinin dehydrogenase. We found that at low nanomolar concentration, the effect of INCYCE on seedling growth and development was not significantly different from that of trans-Zeatin treatment. However, an alteration in the spatial distribution of cytokinin signaling was found at low micromolar concentrations, and proteomics analysis revealed a significant impact on the molecular level. An in-depth proteome analysis of an early (24 h) response and a dose-dependent response after 168 h highlighted the effects on primary and secondary metabolism, including alterations in ribosomal subunits, RNA metabolism, modulations of proteins associated with chromatin, and the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. The observed attenuation in stress-response mechanisms, including abscisic acid signaling and the metabolism of jasmonates, could explain previously reported positive effects of INCYDE under mild stress conditions.

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Enhancement of grain number per spike by RNA interference of cytokinin oxidase 2 gene in bread wheat

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Silencing of TaCKX1 Mediates Expression of Other TaCKX Genes to Increase Yield Parameters in Wheat

Silencing of TaCKX1 Mediates Expression of Other TaCKX Genes to Increase Yield Parameters in Wheat

The Hulks and the Deadpools of the Cytokinin Universe: A Dual Strategy for Cytokinin Production, Translocation, and Signal Transduction

Arabidopsis Response to Inhibitor of Cytokinin Degradation INCYDE: Modulations of Cytokinin Signaling and Plant Proteome

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