Enhancement of Goos–Hänchen shift due to a Rydberg state

Abstract

This paper hints at the Goos-Hänchen shift properties of a cavity containing an ensemble of atoms using a four-level atomic system involving a Rydberg state. By means of the stationary phase theory and density matrix formalism in quantum optics, we study theoretically the Goos-Hänchen shifts in both reflected and transmitted light beams. It is realized that as a result of the interaction between Rydberg and excited states in such a four-level atom-light coupling scheme the maximum positive and negative Goos-Hänchen shifts can be obtained in reflected and transmitted light beams owning to the effect of the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or Rydberg electromagnetically induced absorption. In particular, when the switching field is absent and the Rydberg EIT is dominant in the medium, a giant Goos-Hänchen shift can be achieved for both reflected and transmitted light beams.

The general treatment of giant Goos-Hänchen shift in a slab cavity

“…In this model, the cavity is filled by a material that mostly can be controlled through external fields or other stimulations, while the two edge layers remain fixed. Many schemes of atomic gases are used to fill the slab cavity including two-level atoms [22,23], three levels such as scheme [24][25][26], four levels such as double ladder and N schemes [27][28][29][30], Rydberg state [31]. Other materials with or without atomic gases techniques are employed such as graphene [28,32], quantum walls [33], inhomogeneous media [34], materials having doppler broadening effect [35], and colloidal ferrofluids [36].…”

Tunable Goos–Hänchen Shift and Polarization Beam Splitting Through a Cavity Containing Double Ladder Energy Level System

“…Besides elevating the magnitude of the GH shift, modulation of the GH shift in a large range is another significant development. Without changing the structure of the configuration, various medium (for example: atom gas, quantum well and carbon nanotube quantum dot) with different energy level structures were injected into a cavity to manipulate the GH shifts by only adjusting external parameters [33]- [45]. Due to the modification of the absorption-dispersion relation of the intracavity medium using coherent driving field, the GH shifts were controlled through a cavity containing a two-level atomic system [33].…”

“…The reflected positive and negative GH shifts correspond to subluminal and superluminal propagation of the probe beam respectively [34]. Simultaneously positive and negative GH shifts in reflected and transmitted beams were achieved due to the Rydberg state of the intracavity medium [45]. However, controllable and concurrently opposite GH shifts in only the reflected beams is not reported in such a cavity configuration, the related application is undeveloped as well.…”

Controllable large positive and negative Goos–Hänchen shifts with a double-Lambda atomic system

“…In 37,39 , the GHS is studied using the same cavity structure and containing a atomic scheme, where positive and negative lateral shifts were reported. Moreover, different four-level atomic structures [40][41][42] including the double-atomic system 43,44 are studied along with different techniques.In this report, we show that the doubleatomic system, which has two probe interactions can be used to produce large GHS in the order of 10 3 . The double-scheme has relatively large controllable dispersion feature greater than the atomic scheme with limited absorption 45 .…”

“…In 37,39 , the GHS is studied using the same cavity structure and containing a atomic scheme, where positive and negative lateral shifts were reported. Moreover, different four-level atomic structures [40][41][42] including the double-atomic system 43,44 are studied along with different techniques.…”