“…A diluted magnetic semiconductor can be achieved through the incorporation of transition-metal (TM) elements including Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, and Mn into a non-magnetic semiconductor. DMS materials have inspired a great deal of academic and industrial research regarding their great potential in several fields, such as optoelectronics, sensors, light emitting diodes (LED), nanoelectronics, photonics, and spintronic devices [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Metal oxide semiconductors such as TiO 2 , SnO 2 , In 2 O 3 , and ZnO are known to exhibit DMS behavior as a result of TM-doping [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”