Enhancement of Experimental Atherosclerosis by ACTH in the Dog.

Rosenfeld, Sheldon; Marmorston, Jessie; Sobel, Harry; White, Abraham

doi:10.3181/00379727-103-25420

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This suggests a higher prevalence of this condition in our patients, a concept supported by the increased frequency of atherosclerotic plaques. Experimental and clinical evidence obtained in animals and humans points to a link between F excess and atherosclerosis (39,41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Patients with Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome due to Adrenal Adenoma Have Increased Cardiovascular Risk

Tauchmanovà¹,

Rossi²,

Biondi³

et al. 2002

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

379

304

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Subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) is increasingly being reported in incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas; its hallmark is mild autonomous cortisol hyperproduction without specific clinical signs of cortisol excess. Increased prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance have been described in SCS, but there is no specific study of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the cardiovascular profile in 28 consecutive SCS patients (19 women and 9 men; aged 56 +/- 10.6 yr) compared with 100 controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.005) blood pressures were higher in patients, as were fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides (all P < 0.001), and fibrinogen (P < 0.05). Moreover, the insulin resistance index was increased in patients as was the waist to hip ratio and mean carotid artery intima-media thickness (all P < 0.001). Of the patients, 60.7% had arterial hypertension, 71.4% had lipid abnormalities, 28.6% had impaired glucose tolerance, 35.7% type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 53.6% had abnormalities in hemostatic parameters. Atherosclerotic plaques were more frequent in patients (P < 0.0001). Only 4 (14.3%) patients did not have multiple risk factors for cardiovascular events. Six (21.3%) had clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease; another 11 (39.3%) had cardiovascular abnormalities as revealed by ultrasound scanning of carotid arteries and/or electrocardiogram records. These results strongly suggest that an increased cardiovascular risk profile, similar to that described in overt Cushing's syndrome, is present in SCS subjects. This finding supports the concept that chronic mild endogenous cortisol excess may have important systemic effects on the human body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Patients with Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome due to Adrenal Adenoma Have Increased Cardiovascular Risk

Tauchmanovà¹,

Rossi²,

Biondi³

et al. 2002

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

379

304

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar pathogenesis is claimed in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to justify the earlier onset and the accelerated course of atherosclerosis (16). Although in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism the occurrence of arterial atherosclerotic or preatherosclerotic lesions has never been evaluated, accelerated atherosclerosis after prolonged corticosteroid administration has been shown in both animals (17,18) and humans (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Common Carotid Artery Caliber and Stiffness in Patients with Cushing’s Disease during Active Disease and 1 Year after Disease Remission

Faggiano¹,

Pivonello²,

Spiezia³

et al. 2003

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

315

263

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Cardiovascular accidents represent the most important cause of death in patients with Cushing's syndrome. This prospective study aims at evaluating carotid arteries by echo-Doppler ultrasonography and clinical and metabolic markers of atherosclerosis in 25 patients with Cushing's disease (CD) before and after 1 yr of remission. Thirty-two sex- and age-matched subjects (control-1) and 32 body mass index-matched subjects (control-2) served as controls. At diagnosis, CD patients had higher body mass index, waist to hip ratio (WHR), total, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, glucose and insulin, as well as lower HDL-cholesterol than control-1; they had higher WHR and total/HDL ratio and lower HDL-cholesterol than control-2. They also had higher intima-media thickness (IMT), and lower systolic lumen diameter and distensibility coefficient (DC) than either control group. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 31.2% of patients, 0 control-1, and 6.2% of control-2 subjects. One year after remission, WHR, LDL-cholesterol, and IMT significantly decreased, whereas systolic lumen diameter and DC significantly increased. However, all of the above parameters were still abnormal compared with control-1, but not control-2. A significant correlation was found between WHR, glucose and insulin levels, and right and left carotid IMT. WHR was the best predictor of left IMT and left DC in active, but not in cured, patients. The duration of hypercortisolism was the best predictor of right DC in active but not in cured patients. In conclusion, patients with CD have severe atherosclerotic damage. The persistence of a metabolic syndrome, vascular damage, and atherosclerotic plaques after cortisol level normalization makes these subjects still at high cardiovascular risk despite disease remission.

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“…The present study examined cortisol, because in experimental studies this hormone has been found to facilitate the development of atherosclerosis in animals (28,29). First, most of the research to date has employed indices of hemodynamic reactivity, such as blood pressure and heart rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol excretion in high and low cynically hostile men.

Pope

Smith

1991

Psychosomatic Medicine

122

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Cynical hostility as measured by the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale has been found in some studies to be associated with increased risk of life-threatening illness. Previous laboratory studies of cardiovascular reactivity have been consistent with the general hypothesis that increased physiological responsiveness is one possible mechanism underlying the association between hostility and health. The present study extended this previous research by evaluating urinary cortisol excretion during routine daily activities in a sample of high and low cynically hostile young men. Although high and low Ho groups did not differ in their cortisol excretion upon awakening, the high Ho group displayed more than twice the increase in cortisol excretion during daytime hours as that occurring among low hostile men. This difference dissipated during the evening hours. Results are discussed in terms of possible physiological mechanisms linking hostility and health.

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Enhancement of Experimental Atherosclerosis by ACTH in the Dog.

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Patients with Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome due to Adrenal Adenoma Have Increased Cardiovascular Risk

Patients with Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome due to Adrenal Adenoma Have Increased Cardiovascular Risk

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Common Carotid Artery Caliber and Stiffness in Patients with Cushing’s Disease during Active Disease and 1 Year after Disease Remission

Cortisol excretion in high and low cynically hostile men.

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