Enhancement of Exercise Performance by 48 Hours, and 15-Day Supplementation with Mangiferin and Luteolin in Men

Abstract

The natural polyphenols mangiferin and luteolin have free radical-scavenging properties, induce the antioxidant gene program and down-regulate the expression of superoxide-producing enzymes. However, the effects of these two polyphenols on exercise capacity remains mostly unknown. To determine whether a combination of luteolin (peanut husk extract containing 95% luteolin, PHE) and mangiferin (mango leave extract (MLE), Zynamite®) at low (PHE: 50 mg/day; and 140 mg/day of MLE containing 100 mg of mangiferin; L) and high doses (PHE: 100 mg/day; MLE: 420 mg/day; H) may enhance exercise performance, twelve physically active men performed incremental exercise to exhaustion, followed by sprint and endurance exercise after 48 h (acute effects) and 15 days of supplementation (prolonged effects) with polyphenols or placebo, following a double-blind crossover design. During sprint exercise, mangiferin + luteolin supplementation enhanced exercise performance, facilitated muscle oxygen extraction, and improved brain oxygenation, without increasing the VO2. Compared to placebo, mangiferin + luteolin increased muscle O2 extraction during post-exercise ischemia, and improved sprint performance after ischemia-reperfusion likely by increasing glycolytic energy production, as reflected by higher blood lactate concentrations after the sprints. Similar responses were elicited by the two doses tested. In conclusion, acute and prolonged supplementation with mangiferin combined with luteolin enhances performance, muscle O2 extraction, and brain oxygenation during sprint exercise, at high and low doses.

Acute Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. (Zynamite) on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

“…A number of recent studies have assessed the potential efficacy of a mango leaf extract standardized to a minimum of 60% mangiferin (Zynamite ® ). In terms of physical performance, several of these studies have assessed the ergogenic effects in humans of both acute [33][34][35][36] and longer-term supplementation [34] with this mango leaf extract combined with the polyphenols luteolin or quercetin. This research has demonstrated an improved performance during high intensity exercise [33][34][35], increased brain oxygenation [33,34], maximal aerobic capacity [33], increased muscle oxygen extraction [34,35] and the attenuation of muscle damage and improvements in the time course of decreased muscle performance [37].…”

Acute Effects of Hesperidin in Oxidant/Antioxidant State Markers and Performance in Amateur Cyclists

“…Moreover, polyphenols have been shown to work effectively against exercise induced oxidative stress [26,27], since as seen in many investigations, exercise increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which may result in oxidative stress, and lead to muscle fibre damage, which eventually results in muscle fatigue [28,29,30,31]. Within the large family of biomolecules that are polyphenols, the most studied in the field of sports performance is quercetin [16,17], although new molecules of this family such as luteolin, mangiferin [32], and hesperidin [33] are being investigated.…”

“…In trained male athletes, supplementation for 4 weeks with 2S-Hesperidin (500 mg/day) improved cycling time-trial performance with a significant increase in power output during the exercise test [33]. Gelabert-Relato et al (2019) compared acute and chronic effect (48 h and 15 days of supplementation) with high- and low-dose intake of polyphenols (luteolin and mangiferin), on sprint test and endurance exercise in physically active men [32]. The results showed a significant improvement in the sprint test (sprint 15 s after ischemia) in peak power output (PPO) and mean power output, after the polyphenol supplementation.…”

“…Although the exercise protocols used were different, all of them showed improvements in exercise performance with high aerobic component [17,54,55,56,57]. However, to our knowledge, only one study reported improvements in the anaerobic component of exercise [32]. Thus, it is not clear if there is a beneficial effect of polyphenols on anaerobic exercise.…”

Supplementation with a Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite®) in Combination with Quercetin Attenuates Muscle Damage and Pain and Accelerates Recovery after Strenuous Damaging Exercise

“…It has been shown that Zynamite ® , a mango leaf extract rich in the natural polyphenol mangiferin, enhances sprint exercise performance when given in combination with luteolin or quercetin [17,18]. Furthermore, both polyphenolic combinations improved the response of human skeletal muscle to ischemia-reperfusion [17][18][19]. Mangiferin (2-bD-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone) is a xanthone abundant in the leaf and pulp of mangoes, which is also present in other edible vegetables [20].…”