Enhancement of electrochemical properties on Pd–Cu/C electrocatalysts toward ethanol oxidation by atmosphere induced surface and structural alteration

Nitrogen-doped graphene supported highly dispersed palladium-lead nanoparticles for synergetic enhancement of ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline medium

“…This result indicates that N-doped graphene as a support is better than graphene for metal nanoparticle dispersion. The uniform dispersion of metal nanoparticles supported on N-doped graphene provides the basis for high performance of the catalyst [19].…”

“…Much effort has been devoted to improve the performance of Pd catalysts by introducing other one or more elements. For example, Au, Ag, Ni, Cu, Sn and Pb were selected as promoting elements to enhance the activity of Pd catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Among these elements, Pb seems to have stronger promoting effects.…”

An effective electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation: Pt-modified IrCu alloy nanoparticle

“…Cu is a transition metal with a positively reversible potential, which may make it relatively stable in acidic media, and applications of Cu alloy as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation have been reported [23,24]. The incorporation of Cu can weaken the adsorbed CO bond and facilitate the CO oxidation by a bi-functional mechanism, and it also contributes to a further reduction of the catalyst cost.…”

Electro-catalytic activity enhancement of Pd–Ni electrocatalysts for the ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium: The promotional effect of CeO2 addition

“…Moreover, the alternation of surface status (Pd-Ni alloy to Pd species) as evidenced by TPR characterization also results in the declined EOR for Ce 20 . Furthermore, the ratio of I f to I b (I f /I b ) is used as an indicator to compared the anti-poisoning ability of various catalysts [27,60,61]. As shown in Table 2, the I f /I b ratios of Pd/C, Ce 0 and Ce 5 are comparatively high relative to those of Ce 10 , Ce 15 and Ce 20 , directly reflecting their high CO tolerance characteristics.…”