Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis over highly active CaO derived from natural white bivalve clam shell

Niju, Subramaniapillai; Begum, K.M. Meera Sheriffa; Anantharaman, N.

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.006

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The FTIR spectra of uncalcined WS also reveal the presence of a hydroxide stretching band vibration at 3463 cm -1 . The other band for the same sample confirms the presence of an SO 4 2-group at 1196 cm -1 and 680 cm -1 [17]. After calcination at 950 ºC, a sharp band starts to appear at 3642 cm -1 , which represents the OH stretching band.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Catalyst Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 51%

Novel Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Drinking Water Defluoridation for Biodiesel Synthesis

Gupta

Agarwal

Dalai

2017

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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Section: Results and Discussion 31 Catalyst Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 51%

Novel Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Drinking Water Defluoridation for Biodiesel Synthesis

Gupta

Agarwal

Dalai

2017

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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“…Some of them are bonded together as aggregates. The smaller size of the grains and aggregates could provide a higher specific surface area [13]. It can be inferred that surface morphology of the used catalyst could be maintained after threecycles of used for transesterification process.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

Istadi

Mabruro

Kalimantini

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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This paper was purposed for testing reusability and stability of calcium oxide-based catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) over transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method of calcium and zinc nitrates followed by impregnation of potassium nitrate. The fresh and used catalysts were tested after regeneration. The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and BET Surface Area in order to compare the catalyst structure between the fresh and used catalysts. The catalyst testing in transesterification proses was carried out at following operating conditions, i.e. catalyst weight of 6 wt.%, oil to methanol mole ratio of 1:15, and temperature of 60 oC. In addition, metal oxide leaching of K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst during reaction was also tested. From the results, the catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity (80% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield after three-cycles of usage) and acceptable reusability after regeneration. The catalyst also showed acceptable stability of catalytic activity, even after three-cycles of usage.

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“…A sharp stretching band was observed at 3646 cm 21 which clearly indicated the presence of hydroxyl group attached to calcium oxide [13]. The absorption bands occurred at 1470, 1079, and 875 cm 21 can be attributed to the vibration of CO 3 22 molecules. Structural characterization of the catalyst was studied by XRD analysis and presented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Kf-impregnated Cao Derived From Whitmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The increase in the surface area could be due to the appearance of defects in calcium oxide structure upon impregnating potassium fluoride [19]. Jairam et al [20] 5 15).The basic strength of the catalyst was taken to be higher than the weakest indicator that underwent a color change and lower than the strongest indicator that underwent no color change [21]. Among the catalysts tested, KF/CaO had the strongest basic strength and the results obtained are presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Kf-impregnated Cao Derived From Whitmentioning

confidence: 97%

KF‐impregnated clam shells for biodiesel production and its effect on a diesel engine performance and emission characteristics

Niju

Niyas

Begum

et al. 2014

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Natural white bivalve clam shells were calcined to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) and KF/CaO catalyst was synthesized by impregnating potassium fluoride (KF) on calcined clam shells. This solid catalyst was tested for transesterification of waste frying oil. A high biodiesel yield of 95.77% was obtained at methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst amount of 4 wt % (based on oil weight), reaction temperature of 65 C and reaction time of 2 h. The performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder, four stroke direct injection diesel engine using conventional diesel and biodiesel blends (B20, B40, B60, and B80) at various loads were measured and compared. The results indicated that the higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and the lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) were observed for biodiesel blends when compared with the conventional diesel. Emissions of HC and CO were reduced significantly whereas NO x emission was increased with increased proportion of biodiesel in the fuel blends.

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Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis over highly active CaO derived from natural white bivalve clam shell

Cited by 72 publications

References 25 publications

Novel Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Drinking Water Defluoridation for Biodiesel Synthesis

Novel Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Drinking Water Defluoridation for Biodiesel Synthesis

Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

KF‐impregnated clam shells for biodiesel production and its effect on a diesel engine performance and emission characteristics

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