Enhancement of Bandwidth of an Extended Interaction Klystron by Symmetric Loading

Naidu, Vemula Bhanu; Gope, Dipanjan; Datta, S. K.

doi:10.1109/tps.2022.3225417

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Compared to previous studies [ 7 , 9 , 11 , 17 ], the sheet beam EIAs have a higher beam–wave interaction efficiency than the pencil beam EIAs, and the −2° EIA has better interaction performance, as shown in Table 4 . Even under the high loss condition, the beam–wave interaction efficiency of the −2° EIA reached 12.3%, which is a 2.8% increase compared with 0° EIA.…”

Section: Simulation Performancementioning

confidence: 77%

“…In W-band or terahertz (THz) klystrons, the extended interaction cavity is widely used, which has the advantages of a large power capacity and a high characteristic impedance. Related research includes W-band pencil beam EIAs [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], W-band multi-beam EIAs [ 10 ], W-band sheet beam EIAs [ 11 ], G-band sheet beam EIAs [ 12 , 13 ], G-band pencil beam EIAs [ 14 , 15 ], and W-band tested EIKs [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. In general, the sheet beam has a more uniform beam–wave interaction than the pencil beam, and the current density of the beam can be greatly decreased by the sheet beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reference [ 17 ], the proposed EIK with three extended interaction cavities is driven by a sheet beam of 20 kV and 4 A, which can produce 7.5 kW of peak power with a beam–wave interaction efficiency of 9.38%, and it adopts a single-stage depressed collector and water cooling. In references [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], the operating currents of the pencil beam are less than 1 A, and their beam–wave interaction efficiencies are both less than 10%. To improve the beam–wave interaction capability of W-band EIKs, the AREIAs are implemented and explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

Dong

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In this paper, an angular radial extended interaction amplifier (AREIA) that consists of a pair of angular extended interaction cavities is proposed. Both the convergence angle cavity and the divergence angle cavity, which are designed for the converging beam and diverging beam, respectively, are investigated to present the potential of the proposed AREIA. They are proposed and explored to improve the beam–wave interaction capability of W-band extended interaction klystrons (EIKs). Compared to conventional radial cavities, the angular cavities have greatly decreased the ohmic loss area and increased the characteristic impedance. Compared to the sheet beam (0°) cavity, it has been found that the convergence angle cavity has a higher effective impedance and the diverging beam has a weaker space-charge effect under the same ideal electron beam area; the advantages become more obvious as the propagation distance increases. Particle-in-cell (PIC) results have shown that the diverging beam (8°) EIA performs better at an output power of 94 GHz under the condition of lossless, while the converging beam (−2°) EIA has a higher output power of 6.24 kW under the conditions of ohmic loss, an input power of 0.5 W, and an ideal electron beam of 20.5 kV and 1.5 A. When the loss increases and the beam current decreases, the output power of the −2° EIA can be improved by nearly 30% compared to the 0° EIA, and the −2° EIA has a greatly improved beam–wave interaction capacity than conventional EIAs under those conditions. In addition, an angular radial electron gun is designed.

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Section: Simulation Performancementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

Dong

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…For example, a periodic cusp magnet equipped, 94.9 GHz mono-periodic EIO has demonstrated a Pf 2 value of 0.092 and a peak power of 10.2 kW 16 ; a 94 GHz mono-periodic EIA with a lower loaded-quality-factor Q l of 210 achieves a peak power of 7.7 kW, with an efficiency of 8.6% and a Pf 2 value of 0.068 4 . Alternatively, if the much-proven optional 2π mode is reconsidered it faces the restriction of M 2 R/Q than π mode 15 , 17 . The evolution and development of THz-EID technology have been full of trade-offs and compromises due to the respective advantages for the 2π and π modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency terahertz-wave generation based on extended interaction oscillator with strongly-coupled 2π mode operation

Xu,

Lu,

Tang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A slow-wave structure improvement for enhancing the 2π-mode electronic efficiency is embodied in the validation of an extended interaction oscillator (EIO), which has an electronic efficiency of 6.52% at 0.22 THz from particle-in-cell (PIC) calculations. A 2π-mode bi-periodic slow-wave structure (BPSWS) with staggered long and short slots is utilized for optimizing the circuit performance. The proposed BPSWS has the capability of combining the respective advantages for both π and 2π-mode in terms of coupling performance and output performance, thus supporting a strongly-coupled 2π-mode with higher coupling capability. Compared with the typical mono-periodic SWS (MPSWS), the adopted strongly-coupled 2π-mode effectively improves the characteristic impedance M2R/Q by 103% to 66.79 Ω, the coupling coefficient by 66% to 0.497, and the normalized wave-amplitude by 22%. Accordingly, 503 W of average output power can be derived for the BPSWS-EIO with a 25.7 kV and 0.3 A sheet beam injected. Cold-test experiments were conducted, confirming that the 0.22 THz structure exhibits commendable fabrication precision and consistency and thus demonstrates the expected frequency response.

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“…Over an extended period, several design categories for enhancing bandwidth in Klystron have been researched [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Sheet beam type Klystrons, extended interaction type Klystrons, and triaxial Klystrons are popular candidates among them [17][18][19][20][21]. However, the fabrication difficulties limit their use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bandwidth Enhancement of a V-Band Klystron with Stagger-Tuned Multiple Radial Re-Entrant Cavities

Kumar,

Maity,

Mandal

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The V-band frequencies are becoming popular due to their application potential towards secure high data rate communications. This article reports bandwidth enhancement of an 11-cavity V-band Klystron amplifier employing staggered tuning. A systematic approach is presented to stagger-tune the periodically allocated multiple cavities of the Klystron operating at 60.1 GHz. Using the three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, it is shown that, employing the proposed approach, the −3 dB bandwidth of the device (with peak tuned configuration) has been increased from 165 MHz to 540 MHz, demonstrating a 260% increment. The −1 dB bandwidth of the device is estimated to be 270 MHz. The proposed approach of stagger tuning may be employed for similar devices employing multiple RF cavities to meet the requirement of wide bandwidth.

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Enhancement of Bandwidth of an Extended Interaction Klystron by Symmetric Loading

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

High-efficiency terahertz-wave generation based on extended interaction oscillator with strongly-coupled 2π mode operation

Bandwidth Enhancement of a V-Band Klystron with Stagger-Tuned Multiple Radial Re-Entrant Cavities

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