Enhancement of Antimicrobial Activities by the Food‐grade Monolaurin Microemulsion System

Abstract

Monolaurin (M) is a potential natural antimicrobial agent used in foods. It is considered to have an antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria. A monolaurin microemulsion (MME) system inhibited the growth of PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMonolaurin is considered to have an antimicrobial activity against grampositive bacteria but not against gram-negative bacteria. A monolaurin microemulsion system inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum, and will be regarded as a "natural" antimicrobial preservative.3 Corresponding

Essential oil micro- and nanoemulsions: promising roles in antimicrobial therapy targeting human pathogens

“…), monolaurin (Fu et al . ), carvacrol (Shaaban and Edris ), sage oil (Moghimi et al . ) and thyme oil (Moghimi et al .…”

“…, clove oil(Hamed et al 2012), sunflower oil(Joe et al 2012), black seed oil, 1-monoacylglycerol of lauric acid(Petra et al 2014), carvacrol, ethyl oleate(Al-Adham et al 2000, 2003, eucalyptus oil(Sugumar et al 2014), tea tree oil(Biju et al 2005;Lins et al 2016) and monolaurin(Fu et al 2009). …”

“…Active ingredients of essential oilsSaranya et al 2012;Sugumar et al 2014), basil oil(Ghosh et al 2013a), tea tree oil(Lins et al 2016), sunflower oil(Joe et al 2012), black seed oil, monocaprin(Thormar et al 2006), monolaurin(Fu et al 2009), carvacrol, sage oil(Moghimi et al 2016a) and thyme oil(Moghimi et al 2016b).Micro-and nanoemulsions formulated with glycerol monolaurate(Fu et al 2006;Zhang et al 2010), monolaurin(Fu et al 2009), sunflower oil(Joe et al 2012) and clove oil were active against fungal spores(Table 3)of Aspergillus niger, As. flavus, Penicillium expansum, P. digitatum and Rhizopus nigricans and against vegetative cells of Candida sp.…”

Formulation, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of 1‐monoacylglycerol microemulsions

“…Due to their unique properties, microemulsions (MEs) have attracted considerable attention in many applications, such as food industry , cosmetics, agriculture , and coating materials . The ultralow interfacial tension, the ultrahigh solubilization, the low viscosity and transparency make them desirable also in pharmaceutical formulations for improved drug solubilization , cleaning technologies and soil remediation .…”

“…For example, the testing of antimicrobial activity of ME system with 1‐MAG of lauric acid was published in ref. . Also, the publication dealt with the enhancement of inhibition ability of monolaurin through loading in MEs and their comparing with the antimicrobial activity of corresponding 1‐MAG.…”