Enhancement of a QRS detection algorithm based on the first derivative, using techniques of a QRS detector algorithm based on non-linear transformations

A DSP Practical Application: Working on ECG Signal

“…Frequency values of an ECG signal vary from 0 Hz to 100 Hz (Cuesta, 2001;Vidal & Pavesi, 2004;Vidal et al, 2008;Vidal & Gatica, 2010) whereas the associated amplitude values vary from 0.02 mV to 5 mV. As it is appreciated, the amplitude values of human body bioelectrical signals are measured in micro volts (mV).…”

“…According to (Cuesta, 2001;Vidal & Pavesi, 2004), facing individually each part of the global problems is a technique applicable in order to get good practical results. (Cuesta, 2001;Vidal et al, 2008;Vidal & Gatica, 2010) where the most important part corresponds to the amplifying module because of a bioelectrical signal that represents a low potential, and sophisticated amplifiers are required for obtaining and recording it (Vidal & Pavesi, 2004;Vidal et al, 2008;Vidal & Gatica, 2010).…”

“…The second improvement is based on the use of nonlinear transformations proposed in (Pan & Tompkins, 1985) and analyzed in (Suppappola & Ying, 1994;Hamilton & Tompkins, 1986). The third is proposed and analyzed in (Vidal & Pavesi, 2004;Vidal et al, 2008), as an extension and improvement of that is presented in (Friesen et al, 1994) using characteristics of the algorithm proposed in (Pan & Tompkins, 1985). It should be noted that the three algorithmic improvements recently mentioned, used classical techniques of DSP (Digital Signal Processing).…”

“…ECG graphically gives useful information that relates to the heart functioning (Dubis, 1976) by means of a base line and waves representing the heart voltage changes during a period of time, usually a short period (Cuesta, 2001). Putting leads on specific part of the human body, it is possible to get changes of the bioelectrical heart signal (Goldschlager, 1989) where one of the most basic forms of organizing them is known as Einthoven lead system which is shown in Figure 1 (Vidal & Pavesi, 2004;Vidal et al, 2008). …”

Heart Rate Detection Using Hilbert Transform

“…The frequency spectrum of ECG signal ranges from 0.05 Hz to 100 Hz with QRS complexes concentrating around 10 Hz. The power spectrum of ECG signal [5] [6] is shown in the Fig-2. In addition to the ECG wave the noise due to power line interferences of 50-Hz, EMG from muscles, motion artifact from the electrode and skin interface, and possibly other interference from electro-surgical equipment in the operating room is also picked up by electrodes, when the ECG signal is recorded.…”