Enhancement in multiferroic and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO 3 –BaTiO 3 –Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 lead-free ceramics with MnO 2 addition by optimizing sintering temperature and dwell time

Enhanced insulating and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3‐BaTiO3‐Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics with high Curie temperature

“…Sample with x = 0.05 shows the highest piezoelectric properties with d 33 = 183 pC/N and k p = 0.28, which is attributed to the bigger grain size and decreased tanδ. Table 2 shows the piezoelectric properties of recently reported BF-BT systems 12,13,17,21,32,[56][57][58][59] synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction electroceramic processing. It is obvious that the high d 33 of 183 pC/N obtained in our work is among the top values.…”

“…It was reported that the direct current resistivity of 0.75BF‐0.25BT ceramic can be increased to 7.6×10 12 Ωm by doping a small amount of Mn 4+ . Combined with Mn 4+ ‐doping strategy, adding third endmember (such as Bi(Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 , BiAlO 3 , Bi(Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 , Ba(Bi 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 , Ba(Al 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 , Ba(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 , and Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 ) into BF‐BT system optimized the phase structure, inhibited the Bi 3+ volatilization, and broadened the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) . Enhanced d 33 (115‐170 pC/N) and reduced dielectric loss were obtained in these Mn 4+ ‐doped ternary solid solutions.…”

Superior lead-free high-temperature piezoceramics of BiFeO3–BaTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 through cooperative regulation

“…However, such a relationship does not seem obvious in BF–BT systems, as can be seen from Fig. 3(c) and S1 † 20–33 . Only a slight increase of the ε r value from ∼800 at x = 0 to ∼880 at x = 0.003 (increase by ∼10%) can be observed even though the d 33 value exhibits an obvious increase from ∼180 to ∼240 pC N −1 (increase by ∼35%) in the BF(MN) x –BT–BNT ceramics.…”

“…3(a) and (b) compare the variation of d 33 and ε r against T c for the presently studied compositions with other MPB piezoelectric ceramic systems, respectively. 6–10,20–53 It is evident that the d 33 value of most MPB compositions can be further enhanced by adjusting the T c value downward relative to room temperature, which is generally associated with the substantial increase of ε r . 12,14,15 As a result, many previously reported piezoelectric material systems usually exhibit either high T c but extremely low d 33 , or relatively large d 33 but low T c .…”

“…16–20 Considering the insufficient d 33 values, a lot of work has been done mostly by adding the third ABO 3 end-member and/or doping/substituting various ions. 21–33 However, the d 33 values of most BF–BT based ceramics reported so far are still inferior to those of Pb-based perovskites. Moreover, a slight enhancement of d 33 is usually accompanied by an obvious sacrifice of T c .…”