Enhancement in electron field emission in ultrananocrystalline and microcrystalline diamond films upon 100 MeV silver ion irradiation

Chen, Huang-Chin; Palnitkar, Umesh; Pong, W. F.; Lin, I‐Nan; Singh, Abhinav Pratap; Kumar, Ravi

doi:10.1063/1.3106638

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such an argument is supported by previous studies 17,18) showing that the presence of nanographite induced by heavy-ion irradiation significantly enhances the EFE behavior of materials. Generally, in diamond films with micron-sized grains, electrons are presumed to transport along the grain boundaries and possibly to emit from these sites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Enhancement in Electron Field Emission of Microcrystalline Diamond Films upon Iron Coating and Annealing Processes

Huang

Shih

Chen

et al. 2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The electron field emission (EFE) properties of diamond films were markedly improved by Fe-coating and postannealing processes. Transmission electron microscopy examination indicated that the possible mechanism of enhancing the EFE behavior is the reaction of the Fe layer with diamond and the reprecipitation of the dissolved carbon species to form nanographite. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the Fe coating first formed Fe particles at 700 C and then reacted with diamond, forming iron carbide (Fe 3 C) at 800 C. The dissolution and reprecipitation processes occurred simultaneously during the postannealing process at higher temperatures (800-950 C), which leads to the formation of amorphous carbon when the postannealing temperature is low (800-850 C) and to that of nanographite when the postannealing temperature is high (900-950 C). The 900 C-postannealed diamond films exhibit the best EFE properties, which can be turned on at a field of E 0 ¼ 2:8 V/m, and attain an EFE current density of J e ¼ 21:4 A/cm 2 at 8 V/m. #

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Enhancement in Electron Field Emission of Microcrystalline Diamond Films upon Iron Coating and Annealing Processes

Huang

Shih

Chen

et al. 2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…28 In which study, only a 5 ϫ 10 11 ions/ cm 2 fluence of 100 MeV Ag 9+ -ion irradiation decreased the turn-on field by more than 50% and increased the EFE current density by about three orders of magnitude. In this study, 2.245 GeV Au-ion irradiation ͑8.4 ϫ 10 13 ions/ cm 2 ͒ lowered the turn-on field needed to induce the EFE process from 30.0 V / m to 11.6 V / m and raised the EFE current density by three to four orders of magnitude ͑from 1.0ϫ 10 −4 to 1.5 mA/ cm 2 for a 20 V/ m applied field͒.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of gigaelectron volt Au-ion irradiation on the characteristics of ultrananocrystalline diamond films

Chen

Teng

Tang

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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The effect of 2.245 GeV Au-ion irradiation/postannealing processes on the electron field emission (EFE) properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films was investigated. Au-ion irradiation with a fluence of around 8.4×1013 ions/cm2 is required to induce a large improvement in the EFE properties of the UNCD films. Postannealing the Au-ion irradiated films at 1000 °C for 1 h slightly degraded the EFE properties of the films but the resulting EFE behavior was still markedly superior to that of pristine UNCD films. Transmission electron microscopy examinations revealed that the EFE properties of the UNCD films are primarily improved by Au-ion irradiation/postannealing processes because of the formation of nanographites along the trajectory of the irradiating ions, which results in an interconnected path for electron transport. In contrast, the induction of grain growth process due to Au-ion irradiation in UNCD films is presumed to insignificantly degrade the EFE properties for the films as the aggregates are scarcely distributed and do not block the electron conducting path.

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“…Chen et al reported that irradiation using 100 MeV Ag 9+ ‐ions in a fluence of 5 × 10 11 ions/cm 2 enhanced the EFE behavior of UNCD and MCD films. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies indicated that the overall crystallinity of these films remained unaffected, though the local microstructure of the materials got altered due to heavy ion irradiation.…”

Section: Understanding Of the Enhancement Of Conductivity And Efe In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In (d), a ω d1 peak near 23 eV with a shoulder at ω d2 near 33 eV signifies the diamond, whereas the broad peak near ω g ∼27 eV represents the graphite and that near ω a ∼22 eV represents the amorphous carbon. (e) the EFE properties of the (I) pristine, (II) low dose‐ion irradiated, (III) high dose‐ion irradiated and (IV) irradiated/annealed UNCD films .…”

Section: Understanding Of the Enhancement Of Conductivity And Efe In mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of graphite in ultrananocrystalline diamond films used for electron field emitter applications

Kurian

Sankaran

Lin

2014

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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This Feature Article gives an account of the different pieces of work conducted by various groups around the world aimed at constituting a single model explaining the enhancement of conductivity and electron field emission properties in diamond. The scope of the presence of graphite phase or the evolution of intermediate energy levels within the band gap or defects in the diamond phase being causes of such enhancement has been explored by various groups. Along with this we present the studies performed by our group, the enhancement of the field emission and conductivity employing different approaches like ion irradiation, ion implantation, ion doping in the plasma or formation of composite films. From our studies we reveal that such modifications of properties are related to microstructural alterations. The prominent change observed, and contributing to this enhancement, is the increase in the grain boundaries, with sp2 graphitic phases residing in them. The effect of n‐ or p‐type doing into diamond is ruled out. The betterment of the field emission and conductivity is attributed to the interconnected sp2 phases within the grain boundaries, which form itineraries for electrons to traverse through the material.

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Enhancement in electron field emission in ultrananocrystalline and microcrystalline diamond films upon 100 MeV silver ion irradiation

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Enhancement in Electron Field Emission of Microcrystalline Diamond Films upon Iron Coating and Annealing Processes

Enhancement in Electron Field Emission of Microcrystalline Diamond Films upon Iron Coating and Annealing Processes

Effect of gigaelectron volt Au-ion irradiation on the characteristics of ultrananocrystalline diamond films

On the role of graphite in ultrananocrystalline diamond films used for electron field emitter applications

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