Enhancement effects in XRF analysis

Saleh, N. S.; Al‐Saleh, K. A.; El-Haija, A. J. Abu

doi:10.1007/bf02037863

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The elements from Mg to Fe in periodic table are considered light element while the elements >Fe are considered heavy elements in PXRF analysis. The primary fluorescence produced by higher energy elements in a composite sample causes enhancement of the lower energy elements through the emission of secondary fluorescence ( Salesh, 1988 ). The fluorescence that reaches the detector is the combination of primary and secondary fluorescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Rapid and Cost-Effective Determination of Elemental Composition of Ground Forage

et al. 2019

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The recent development of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (PXRF) has created new avenues for rapid plant elemental concentration determination at reduced cost while avoiding hazardous chemicals. A few studies have indicated the potential use of PXRF for homogenous plant tissue analysis. However, there is a lack of information for analysis of heterogeneous plant samples like livestock forage, which consists of a mixture of several species and plant parts, each varying in elemental concentration. Our objective was to evaluate PXRF for forage analysis, specifically the effect of forage particle size and scan time on important elements including P, K, Ca, and Fe determination. Hay samples (n = 42) were oven dried (60°C for 3 days) and ground into three particle sizes (≤0.5 mm, 0.25–0.5 mm and 1–2 mm). Prepared samples were scanned by PXRF using a vacuum (<10 torr) without a filter. Samples were placed in cups over thin prolene X-ray film and scanned for 180 s. A subset (n = 29) were also scanned for 60 and 120 s. PXRF counts for P, K, Ca, and Fe were compared with laboratory Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP) determinations, using regression models. Results indicated that these elements could potentially be determined with PXRF (r2 ≥ 0.70) in heterogeneous forage samples. Relationship strength increased with decreasing particle size, however, the relationship was still strong (r2 ≥ 0.57) at the largest particle size. Scanning time did not affect the relationship with ICP concentration for any of the particle sizes evaluated. This work demonstrated that with the right sample preparation PXRF can obtain results comparable to acid digestion and ICP regardless of sample composition, and suggests the potential for in situ determinations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Rapid and Cost-Effective Determination of Elemental Composition of Ground Forage

et al. 2019

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“…It is possible to have tertiary or even higher fluorescence, however, it is almost negligible in practice . In some cases, 10-30% of the measured intensity can be attributed to enhancement effect (Salesh, 1988). Dyck et al (1986)…”

Section: Enhancement Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…enhancement of the lower energy elements through the emission of secondary fluorescence (Salesh, 1988). The fluorescence that reaches to the detector is the combination of primary and secondary fluorescence.…”

Section: Enhancement Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Determination in Forage and Manure using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Support Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning

Sapkota¹

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Phosphorus Determination in Forage and Manure using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Support Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning Yadav Sapkota Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural fields is a major cause of water quality degradation problems. A P mass balance across the farm could maintain profitability and sustainability of animal-based farms and minimize water quality problems. Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans (CNMPs) require mineral composition, especially P, data on soil, forage, and manure samples for accurate planning. However, traditional wet chemical methods of P determination are costly, time-consuming, and generate hazardous waste. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) could overcome many of these disadvantages and allow rapid determination of P concentrations. Portable XRF (PXRF) units are Energy Dispersive (ED) systems with low power Xray tubes (10-40W) in comparison to benchtop units (50-300W). They are light and convenient to use either in benchtop or field-analysis modes. When a sample is scanned, the resulting spectrum identifies the element (peak position or energy); area under the peak (intensity) is proportional to concentration. A few studies have indicated the possible use of PXRF for the analysis of plant tissue and compost samples. However, there is a lack of information for analysis of heterogeneous forage and manure samples, including optimal sample preparation (particle size and moisture content) and instrumental parameters (scan time). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of manure moisture content and forage particle size on elemental concentrations determination using PXRF in benchtop mode. Manure samples (n=40) were oven dried at 50 and ground to 0.5 mm size and adjusted to four gravimetric moisture ranges: 10-20%, 20-30%, 40-50%, and 60-70%. Dry hay samples (n=42) were oven dried (60 0 C for 3 days) and ground into two particle sizes (0.25-0.5 mm and 1-2 mm). Prepared samples were scanned by PXRF using a vacuum (<10 torr) and without a filter. Samples were placed in a sample cup over a thin proline X-ray film and scanned for 180s. Some forage samples (n=29) were also scanned for 60s and 120s for scan time analysis. Spectra for each analysis, photon counts (intensity) and P concentration were collected using the S1PXRF software. Reference standards were prepared by microwave digesting forage and manure samples in triplicate followed by elemental quantification through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP). Regression analysis, two sample t-test, matched paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis. ICP measured P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu were in close agreement with West Virginia Department of Agriculture-measured concentration in manure samples. Dried and ground manure samples produced a stronger relationship with ICP-determined P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn (r 2 > 0.90) and Mg (r 2 =0.59). Presence of moisture negatively affected elemental determination in manure samples. The strength of the relationship decrea...

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Studies of uranium—cerium admixture solutions by EDXRF spectroscopy

Hanif

Hasany

et al. 1995

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Uranium and cerium were studied in nitric acid solutions after presentation to an energydispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer on filter-paper fixed on Scotch tape. ce La and U La peaks were used as aaalyte lines after excitation with a tungsten tube target at low potential (20 kV). These non-conventional excitation conditions were considered to be suitable for low contents of cerium strongly but high contents of uranium weakly in a nuclear fuel. Lower net integrated line intensities observed in an actinide as compared with a lanthanide are discussed along with the scattered, Auger and Coster-Kronig intensities responsible for the production of background before calibrations with known concentrations. Difiiculties in establishing an explicit relationship between these with change in matrix composition are discussed. The known concentrations of the mixed solutions when compared with the results from various computer programs using regression analysis showed that the algorithm developed by Plesch and Thiele for Siemens is better than the others. An accuracy of <2% was achieved. The importance of certified, standard or simulated reference materials is realized for quality analysis of occasional samples.

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Enhancement effects in XRF analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Rapid and Cost-Effective Determination of Elemental Composition of Ground Forage

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Rapid and Cost-Effective Determination of Elemental Composition of Ground Forage

Phosphorus Determination in Forage and Manure using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Support Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning

Studies of uranium—cerium admixture solutions by EDXRF spectroscopy

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