Enhanced β2-microglobulin binding of a “navigator” molecule bearing a single-chain variable fragment antibody for artificial switching of metabolic processing pathways

Abstract

Kidney dysfunction increases the blood levels of β2-microglobulin (β2-m), triggering dialysis-related amyloidosis. Previously, we developed a navigator molecule, consisting of a fusion protein of the N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein E...

Advances in uremic toxin detection and monitoring in the management of chronic kidney disease progression to end-stage renal disease

“…In addition, the molecular weight ( M w ), molecular size (space), 3D structures, and amino acid sequence of toxin molecules 23 can be used as references for monitoring and detection. Some middle molecules, such as leptin, 24 Adiponectin, 25 β2-m, 26,27 and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), 28 their M w can be estimated to be 16, 28, 11.8, and 32 kDa, respectively. Among them, the molecular sizes of leptin and β2-m can also be estimated as 20 × 25 × 45 and 45 × 25 × 20 Å 3 , respectively.…”