Enhanced Zika virus susceptibility of globally invasive
            <i>Aedes aegypti</i>
            populations

Aubry, Fabien; Dabo, Stéphanie; Manet, Caroline; Filipović, Igor; Rose, Noah H.; Miot, Elliott F.; Martynow, Daria; Baidaliuk, Artem; Merkling, Sarah H.; Dickson, Laura B.; Crist, Anna B.; Anyango, Victor O.; Romero-Vivas, Claudia M.; Vega-Rúa, Anubis; Dusfour, Isabelle; Jiolle, Davy; Paupy, Christophe; Mayanja, Martin N.; Lutwama, Julius J.; Kohl, Alain; Duong, Veasna; Ponlawat, Alongkot; Sylla, Massamba; Akorli, Jewelna; Otoo, Sampson; Lutomiah, Joel; Sang, Rosemary; Mutebi, John-Paul; Cao-Lormeau, Van-Mai; Jarman, Richard G.; Diagne, Cheikh Tidiane; Faye, Oumar; Faye, Ousmane; Sall, Amadou Alpha; McBride, Carolyn S.; Montagutelli, Xavier; Rašić, Gordana; Lambrechts, Louis

doi:10.1126/science.abd3663

Cited by 75 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…However, we recently discovered that African Ae. aegypti populations are significantly less susceptible to ZIKV infection than non-African populations using essentially the same panel of ZIKV strains as in the present study 80 . Although the Senegal_2015 strain was more infectious to mosquitoes relative to the other ZIKV strains, African Ae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…aegypti populations were overall less susceptible than non-African Ae. aegypti populations regardless of the ZIKV strain 80 . This difference mirrors the existence of the two subspecies, Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Each anesthetized mouse was placed on the netting-covered top of two 1-pint cardboard boxes, each containing 25 2-to 4-day-old Ae. aegypti females either from Guadeloupe or Gabon colonies, which differ significantly in their ZIKV susceptibility 80 . Mosquitoes previously deprived of sucrose solution for 24 h were allowed to blood feed on the mouse for 15 min.…”

Section: Mosquitoes Mice and Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains

et al. 2021

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The global emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) revealed the unprecedented ability for a mosquito-borne virus to cause congenital birth defects. A puzzling aspect of ZIKV emergence is that all human outbreaks and birth defects to date have been exclusively associated with the Asian ZIKV lineage, despite a growing body of laboratory evidence pointing towards higher transmissibility and pathogenicity of the African ZIKV lineage. Whether this apparent paradox reflects the use of relatively old African ZIKV strains in most laboratory studies is unclear. Here, we experimentally compare seven low-passage ZIKV strains representing the recently circulating viral genetic diversity. We find that recent African ZIKV strains display higher transmissibility in mosquitoes and higher lethality in both adult and fetal mice than their Asian counterparts. We emphasize the high epidemic potential of African ZIKV strains and suggest that they could more easily go unnoticed by public health surveillance systems than Asian strains due to their propensity to cause fetal loss rather than birth defects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Mosquitoes Mice and Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains

et al. 2021

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“…Here, we have developed a method which can account for the interaction of some of the vector traits that define these conditions and the subset of mosquitoes that do the transmitting; namely, biting behavior, vector competence, and EIP at one time. Due to the many factors affecting vector competence, such as geographic location, viral strain, and mosquito population/species, it is imperative that we continue exploring the heterogeneity of transmission potential both at the population and individual levels [2,17,30,31]. Further, modification of this method could target time points of the same mosquito to get more traditional measures (% at discreet time points) to determine the distribution of EIP in a population after exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vector-borne viruses remain a major cause of morbidity in low-and middle-income countries and have been making incursions into more temperate regions recently [1][2][3]. Because there is no treatment available for many of these viruses, determining the factors that promote arboviral transmission, emergence, and expansion is critical for predicting and controlling the impact on human and animal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Repeated, Longitudinal Sampling of Individual Aedes aegypti for Transmission Potential of Arboviruses

Mayton

Hernandez

Vitek

et al. 2021

Insects

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Mosquito-borne viruses are the cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Assessing risk for viral transmission often involves characterization of the vector competence of vector–virus pairings. The most common determination of vector competence uses discreet, terminal time points, which cannot be used to investigate variation in transmission aspects, such as biting behavior, over time. Here, we present a novel method to longitudinally measure individual biting behavior and Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission. Individual mosquitoes were exposed to ZIKV, and from 9 to 24 days post-exposure, individuals were each offered a 180 μL bloodmeal every other day. Biting behavior was observed and characterized as either active probing, feeding, or no bite. The bloodmeal was then collected, spun down, serum collected, and tested for ZIKV RNA via qRT-PCR to determine individuals’ vector competence over time. This included whether transmission to the bloodmeal was successful and the titer of expectorated virus. Additionally, serum was inoculated onto Vero cells in order to determine infectiousness of positive recovered sera. Results demonstrate heterogeneity in not only biting patterns but expectorated viral titers among individual mosquitoes over time. These findings demonstrate that the act of transmission is a complex process governed by mosquito behavior and mosquito–virus interaction, and herein we offer a method to investigate this phenomenon.

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Larval sites of the mosquito Aedes aegypti formosus in forest and domestic habitats in Africa and the potential association with oviposition evolution

Xia

Dweck

Lutomiah

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Adaptations to anthropogenic domestic habitats contribute to the success of the mosquito Aedes aegypti as a major global vector of several arboviral diseases. The species inhabited African forests before expanding into domestic habitats and spreading to other continents. Despite a well-studied evolutionary history, how this species initially moved into human settlements in Africa remains unclear. During this initial habitat transition, African Ae. aegypti switched their larval sites from natural water containers like tree holes to artificial containers like clay pots. Little is known about how these natural versus artificial containers differ in their characteristics.Filling this knowledge gap could provide valuable information for studying the evolution of Ae. aegypti associated with larval habitat changes. As an initial effort, in this study, we characterized the microenvironments of Ae. aegypti larval sites in forest and domestic habitats in two African localities: La Lopé, Gabon, and Rabai, Kenya. Specifically, we measured the physical characteristics, microbial density, bacterial composition, and volatile chemical profiles of multiple larval sites. In both localities, comparisons between natural containers in the forests and artificial containers in the villages revealed significantly different microenvironments. We next examined whether the between-habitat differences in larval site microenvironments lead to differences in oviposition, a key behavior affecting larval distribution. Forest Ae. aegypti readily accepted the artificial containers we placed in the forests. Laboratory choice experiments also did not find distinct oviposition preferences between forest and village Ae. aegypti colonies. These results suggested that African Ae. aegypti are likely generalists in their larval site choices. This flexibility to accept various containers with a wide range of physical, microbial, and chemical conditions might allow Ae. aegypti to use human-stored water as fallback larval sites during dry seasons, which is hypothesized to have initiated the domestic evolution of Ae. aegypti.

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Enhanced Zika virus susceptibility of globally invasive Aedes aegypti populations

Cited by 75 publications

References 63 publications

Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains

Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains

A Method for Repeated, Longitudinal Sampling of Individual Aedes aegypti for Transmission Potential of Arboviruses

Larval sites of the mosquito Aedes aegypti formosus in forest and domestic habitats in Africa and the potential association with oviposition evolution

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