“…Spatiotemporal variations of the population of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adelie) are controlled by changing oceanographic and climatic conditions (Croxall et al, 2002;Forcada et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2018;Roberts et al, 2017;Wilson et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2018Yang et al, , 2019. Sea ice (pack ice, fast ice) is one of the most important factors influencing the migration, colonization, and foraging success of penguins (Ainley et al, 2005(Ainley et al, , 2010Ballard et al, 2010Ballard et al, , 2019Emslie et al, 2003).…”