Nanocarbon materials (NCM) have been widely applied in electronic and energy industries. With the rise of environmental concerns, nanocarbon material-based electronic and energy devices were prone to be fabricated by the aqueous process. Unfortunately, the low dispersibility of carbon nanomaterials in water and the strong π−π interaction between the carbon nanomaterials limited these processes. This research introduced a kind of metal−phenolic network, tannic acid−Fe 3+ (TA-Fe III ), as a universal aqueous dispersing and immobilizing agent for nanocarbon materials. The nanocarbon material-based electronic and energy materials were synthesized in the aqueous phase. Meanwhile, the TA-Fe III exhibits better-dispersing properties than TA because of its larger contact area with nanocarbon materials. The steered molecular dynamics simulation results also supported this point. They revealed that some arms of TA-Fe III could tightly attach to the surface of the NCM by π−π stacking interaction. To explore the potential application of NCM/TA-Fe III dispersion, we tried to synthesis of electronic and energy materials in the aqueous phase. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/TA-Fe III dispersion was used to fabricate anode materials of lithium batteries, which exhibit higher specific capacity than the cells that employed RGO or RGO/TA as anode materials. Moreover, the multiwalled carbon nanotube/TA-Fe III dispersion could self-assemble into a coating on chitosan hydrogel to improve its conductivity. The coated chitosan hydrogel exhibited sensitive electromechanical performance under cyclic compression−release. Hence, the metal−phenolic network/NCM dispersion can be used to fabricate wearable electronics and power storage devices in the aqueous phase.