Enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2 production over Z-scheme g-C3N4 nansheets/WO3 nanorods nanocomposites loaded with Ni(OH)  cocatalysts

He, Kelin; Xie, Jun; Luo, Xingyi; Wen, John Z.; Ma, Song; Li, Xin; Fang, Yueping; Zhang, Xiangchao

doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(17)62759-1

Cited by 242 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…designed WO 3 /g‐C 3 N 4 /Ni(OH) x photocatalysts that yielded approximately 11 times higher H 2 production activity than WO 3 /g‐C 3 N 4 . . Similarly, Yan et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

et al. 2019

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Graphitic carbon nitride, a 2 D layered photocatalyst coupled with transition metal oxides often shows promising photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. However, low surface area and poor charge separation greatly hinder its photocatalytic efficiency. A Ni+x(x=2, 3)/O−g‐C3N4 photocatalyst with a very high specific surface area (199 m2 g−1) has been prepared by thermal condensation and wet‐impregnation methods. The oxygen‐functionalized and Ni+x(x=2, 3)‐coordinated g‐C3N4 produced 1664 μmol g−1 of hydrogen evolution from water under direct solar light irradiation in 4 h, which is 23 times higher than that over O−g‐C3N4. This significant enhancement results from the combined effects of large surface area, the formation of long‐life deep‐trap states, effective charge carrier separation, and extended visible light absorption. The separation and transport behavior of the charge carriers are investigated by photoluminescence, time‐resolved photoluminescence, photocurrent and Mott–Schottky measurements. Additionally, the interaction between Ni+x(x=2, 3) and O−g‐C3N4 is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy. The Ni+x(x=2, 3)/O−g‐C3N4 photocatalyst shows remarkable reusability over a period of two months (six cycles). This study may provide a pathway to simultaneously overcome the challenges of low surface area and poor charge separation in g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts.

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“…designed WO 3 /g‐C 3 N 4 /Ni(OH) x photocatalysts that yielded approximately 11 times higher H 2 production activity than WO 3 /g‐C 3 N 4 . . Similarly, Yan et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

et al. 2019

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“…Cu 2 O demonstrates broad absorption in the visible region from 400 to 600 nm, which is attributed to intrinsic band gap absorption of Cu 2 O (2.0 eV) . The dispersed g‐C 3 N 4 brings g‐C 3 N 4 ‐Cu 2 O uptake closer to Cu 2 O, which implies that the g‐C 3 N 4 ‐Cu 2 O heterojunction displays extended absorption in the visible wavelength region that can improve the photocatalytic activity …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be ascribed to the existence of interfaces between g‐C 3 N 4 and Cu 2 O, where photogenerated electrons and holes could be efficiently separated in space and the photoinduced carrier recombination could be suppressed . Moreover, acid treatment can further enhance the photocurrent response, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the photocatalytic efficiency of pure g‐C 3 N 4 remains relatively low because of the rapid recombination of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs . Constructing a heterojunction is an effective strategy to enhance carrier transfer between semiconductors . The g‐C 3 N 4 ‐Cu 2 O heterojunction is a prospective material for the degradation of organic pollutants because of its high oxidation capacity, low toxicity, and chemical stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid‐treated g‐C₃N₄‐Cu₂O composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation

Zuo

Xu²,

Liao

et al. 2018

Applied Organom Chemis

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Acid‐treated g‐C3N4‐Cu2O was prepared by hydrothermal reduction followed by high temperature calcination and acid exfoliation. The structures and properties of as‐synthesized samples were characterized using a range of techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring the photodegradation of methyl orange under visible‐light irradiation. Based on the results of TEM, XPS, EPR and other techniques, it was verified that a heterojunction was formed. The acid treatment process can increase the specific surface area to form abundant heterojunction interfaces as channels for photo‐generated carrier separation, thereby enhancing its light utilization and quantum efficiency. Results indicate that acid‐treated g‐C3N4‐Cu2O possesses a large specific surface area, which provides plentiful activated sites for heterojunctions to form; in addition, it showed a high visible light effect and the minimum charge‐transfer resistance. Furthermore, the g‐C3N4‐Cu2O material exhibits high levels of effectiveness and stability. Electron paramagnetic resonance and a series of radical trapping experiments demonstrate that the holes and •O2− could be the main active species in methyl orange photodegradation. This work could provide new insights into the fabrication of composite materials as high‐performance photocatalysts, and facilitate their application in addressing environmental protection issues.

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“…Bimetallic cocatalysts such as PtCo, [205] PdAu, [239] PtOAu [240] have exhibited higher H 2 photocatalytic activity than single noble metals. So far, numerous nonnoble metal cocatalysts have proven efficient in enhancing the photo catalytic H 2 generation activity of gC 3 N 4 , including FeO x , [228] MoS 2 , [229,[241][242][243][244] WS 2 , [245] NiS, [246][247][248] Ni 12 P 5 , [249] carbon nanotube (CNT), [232] carbon black, [233] carbon nanofiber, [222] Co(OH) 2 , [250] Ni(OH) 2 , [251,252] Cu(OH) 2 , [253] Ni(dmgH) 2, [254] and Ni [208,255,256] (Table 3). So far, numerous nonnoble metal cocatalysts have proven efficient in enhancing the photo catalytic H 2 generation activity of gC 3 N 4 , including FeO x , [228] MoS 2 , [229,[241][242][243][244] WS 2 , [245] NiS, [246][247][248] Ni 12 P 5 , [249] carbon nanotube (CNT), [232] carbon black, [233] carbon nanofiber, [222] Co(OH) 2 , [250] Ni(OH) 2 , [251,…”

Section: Photocatalytic Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

2,081

937

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Thereafter, the photocatalytic degrada tion of polychlorobiphenyls [2] and photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon compounds [3] in aqueous semiconductor suspensions greatly broad ened the applications of photocatalysis. Although the photocatalytic technology has got worldwide attention for its eco nomic, clean, safe, and renewable charac teristics, the photocatalytic performance of currently known photocatalysts is still far from commercial applications, especially in solartofuel conversion. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes. First, the semiconductor photocatalysts absorb effective photons whose energy (h v ) is equal to or above their bandgap (E g ), resulting in the generation of electronhole pairs. Second, the photogenerated charge carriers separate and transfer to the surface of photocatalysts. Third, the photogenerated electrons and holes partic ipate in reactions of substances adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalysts. [12,13] Thus, the improvements of the three aforementioned processes play impor tant roles in enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Light absorption is the first essential step of photocatalysis process. The traditional anatase phase TiO 2 photocatalyst is active only under UV light with wavelength below 387 nm due to its wide bandgap (3.2 eV). However, solar energy is mainly concentrated in the visible light region, and UV light accounts for less than 4% of the solar spectrum. [7] In order to achieve maximum utilization efficiency of solar energy, the exploration of visiblelightresponsive photo catalysts is an urgent task. Graphitic carbon nitride (gC 3 N 4 ) as a promising visiblelightresponsive photocatalyst has received worldwide attention due to its fascinating merits, such as moderate bandgap (≈2.7 eV), proper electronic band structure, nontoxicity, low cost, good stability, and easy preparation. [14][15][16][17][18] Since the first report on photocatalytic H 2 evolution over gC 3 N 4 by Wang et al. in 2009, [19] research endeavors toward improving the photocatalytic performance of gC 3 N 4 based photocatalysts have formed a forefront of photocatalysis research. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Bulk gC 3 N 4 powder can be prepared by the thermal poly condensation of lowcost nitrogencontaining organic pre cursors, e.g., urea, thiourea, melamine, cyanamide, dicyan diamide, guanidine hydrochloride, and so on. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The pure bulk gC 3 N 4 prepared by this method suffers from several shortcomings, including low specific surface area, insufficient visible light utilization, and, particularly, rapid recombination Photocatalysis is considered as one of the promising routes to solve the energy and environmental crises by utilizing solar energy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted worldwide attention due to its visible-light activity, facile synthesis from low-cost materials, chemical stability, and unique layered structure. However, the pure g-C 3 N 4 photocatalys...

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Enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2 production over Z-scheme g-C3N4 nansheets/WO3 nanorods nanocomposites loaded with Ni(OH) cocatalysts

Cited by 242 publications

References 78 publications

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Acid‐treated g‐C₃N₄‐Cu₂O composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

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Enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2 production over Z-scheme g-C3N4 nansheets/WO3 nanorods nanocomposites loaded with Ni(OH) cocatalysts

Cited by 242 publications

References 78 publications

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Acid‐treated g‐C3N4‐Cu2O composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation

g‐C3N4‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

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Product

Resources

About

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Acid‐treated g‐C₃N₄‐Cu₂O composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts