Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic and dielectric properties of inorganic–organic hybrid (NiO-g-C3N4) nanocomposite for degradation of rhodamine blue
“…Therefore, a mixed phase of Ni-NiO was formed due to less oxygen during calcination [ 37 ]. However, the carbon and g-C 3 N 4 peaks were not observed due to their small amount and low peak intensity compared to NiO in the Ni-NiO/C/g-C 3 N 4 nanohybrid [ 38 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Upon energy absorption, the semiconductor catalyst’s valence band (VB) electrons were stimulated to the conduction band (CB), leaving a positively charged hole at the VB. The electron–hole pair arises as a result of this [ 38 ]. Superoxide radicals ( • O 2 − ) are free radicals created when the significant reduction potential of the electron in the CB reduces O 2 in a solution.…”
Developing a hybrid process for wastewater purification is of utmost importance to make conventional methods more efficient and faster. Herein, an effective visible light-active nickel–nickel oxide/carbon/graphitic carbon nitride (Ni-NiO/C/g-C3N4)-based nanocatalyst was developed. A hybrid process based on ozonation and Ni-NiO/C/g-C3N4 visible light photocatalysis was applied to decolourize the Congo red (CR), Alizarin Red S (ARS), and real dairy industry wastewater. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Χ-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (UV-Vis DRS). The factors affecting the catalytic process were evaluated, including contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, etc. The degradation rate of CR and ARS was compared between the photocatalysis, ozonation, and integrated photocatalytic ozonation (PC/O3) methods. The results showed 100% degradation of CR and ARS within 5 min and 40 min, respectively, by integrated PC/O3. The reusability of the modified catalyst was evaluated, and four successive regenerations were achieved. The modified Ni-NiO/C/g-C3N4 composite could be considered an effective, fast, and reusable catalyst in an integrated PC/O3 process for the complete decolourization of wastewater.
“…Therefore, a mixed phase of Ni-NiO was formed due to less oxygen during calcination [ 37 ]. However, the carbon and g-C 3 N 4 peaks were not observed due to their small amount and low peak intensity compared to NiO in the Ni-NiO/C/g-C 3 N 4 nanohybrid [ 38 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Upon energy absorption, the semiconductor catalyst’s valence band (VB) electrons were stimulated to the conduction band (CB), leaving a positively charged hole at the VB. The electron–hole pair arises as a result of this [ 38 ]. Superoxide radicals ( • O 2 − ) are free radicals created when the significant reduction potential of the electron in the CB reduces O 2 in a solution.…”
Developing a hybrid process for wastewater purification is of utmost importance to make conventional methods more efficient and faster. Herein, an effective visible light-active nickel–nickel oxide/carbon/graphitic carbon nitride (Ni-NiO/C/g-C3N4)-based nanocatalyst was developed. A hybrid process based on ozonation and Ni-NiO/C/g-C3N4 visible light photocatalysis was applied to decolourize the Congo red (CR), Alizarin Red S (ARS), and real dairy industry wastewater. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Χ-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (UV-Vis DRS). The factors affecting the catalytic process were evaluated, including contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, etc. The degradation rate of CR and ARS was compared between the photocatalysis, ozonation, and integrated photocatalytic ozonation (PC/O3) methods. The results showed 100% degradation of CR and ARS within 5 min and 40 min, respectively, by integrated PC/O3. The reusability of the modified catalyst was evaluated, and four successive regenerations were achieved. The modified Ni-NiO/C/g-C3N4 composite could be considered an effective, fast, and reusable catalyst in an integrated PC/O3 process for the complete decolourization of wastewater.
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