Enhanced ultrasound‐induced apoptosis and cell lysis by a hypotonic medium

Abstract

The results support the hypothesis that non-lethal hypotonia can enhance ultrasound-induced cell killing. These findings also suggest the 'sonomechanical' nature of the effects on the cells.

Activation of Bak in ultrasound-induced, JNK- and p38-independent apoptosis and its inhibition by Bcl-2

“…The involvement of Ca 2+ , free radicals [15], cell membrane damage [12,13] and DNA damage with p53 activation [10] have been proposed for the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by ultrasound. Some have speculated that direct destruction or disturbance of the mitochondrial membrane upon ultrasound exposure can result in apoptotic cell death [10,15].…”

“…Since the first discovery of ultrasound being capable of inducing apoptosis [5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], the exact mechanisms of apoptosis caused by ultrasound are unknown and only a few documentations can be found challenging this issue. The involvement of Ca 2+ , free radicals [15], cell membrane damage [12,13] and DNA damage with p53 activation [10] have been proposed for the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by ultrasound.…”

“…It has also become evident that ultrasound can cause cell death by an apoptotic mechanism as well as cell lysis or necrotic cell death both in vitro [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and in vivo [5,19]. The triggers and the molecular pathway to lead each cell death mechanism are not well elucidated, and should be clarified for overall understanding of the ultrasound-induced cell death.…”

Optimized ultrasound‐mediated gene transfection in cancer cells

“…Poor transfection rates remain a problem, so combinations with other methods are being used to try to improve the outcomes. (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) An attempt to optimize the conditions ultrasound-mediated gene transfection (sonotransfection) has been made on skeletal muscle cells, 18 but so far the mechanism remains generally unknown. The leading belief, however, is that ultrasound increases DNA uptake by the cells.…”

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in Sonodynamically Induced Apoptosis by 4-Formyloximeetylidene-3-Hydroxyl-2-Vinyl-euterio-Porphynyl (IX)-6-7-Diaspartic Acid (ATX-S10)

“…Ultrasound-induced apoptotic cell death has been confirmed in K562, HL-60, and U937 leukemia cells [20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, contrast agents are reported to enhance ultrasonically induced apoptosis [25], but only a few report on the effects of sonochemically active agents on ultrasonically induced apoptosis have been published [26].…”