Enhanced tunability afforded by aqueous biphasic systems formed by fluorinated ionic liquids and carbohydrates

Abstract

This work unveils the formation of novel aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formed by perfluoroalkylsulfonate-based ionic liquids (ILs) and a large number of carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides and polyols) aiming at establishing more benign alternatives to the salts commonly used. The respective ternary phase diagrams were determined at 298 K. The aptitude of the carbohydrates to induce phase separation closely follows their hydration capability, while the length of the IL cation/anion fluorinated chain also plays a crucial role. Finally, these systems were investigated as liquid-liquid extraction strategies for four food dyes. Single-step extraction efficiencies for the carbohydrate-rich phase up to 94% were obtained. Remarkably and contrarily to the most investigated IL-salt ABS, most dyes preferentially migrate for the most hydrophilic and biocompatible carbohydrate-rich phase -an outstanding advantage when envisaging the products recovery and further use. On the other hand, more hydrophobic dyes preferentially partition to the IL-rich phase, disclosing therefore these novel systems as highly amenable to be tuned by the proper choice of the phase-forming components.

Thermophysical Characterization of Ionic Liquids Based on the Perfluorobutanesulfonate Anion: Experimental and Soft‐SAFT Modeling Results

“…So far, the majority of the studies for this type of ILs focus on their synthesis and basic characterization . The advanced main applications envisaged for FILs are centered on reaction media or solvents, surfactants, phase transfer catalysis, electrolytes in high‐energy storage devices, electrolytes in dye‐sensitized solar cells, liquid crystals for optoelectronics, superhydrophobic coatings, gas separation, and extractive platforms . Moreover, FILs display a higher carbon dioxide solubility power compared with some PFCs, hydrocarbons, or their nonfluorinated counterparts .…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18] The advanced main applications envisaged for FILs are centered on reaction media or solvents, [19] surfactants, [15,16] phaset ransfer catalysis, [18] electrolytes in high-energys toraged evices, [20] electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells, [17,21] liquid crystals for optoelectronics, [22] superhydrophobic coatings, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] gas separation, [24,25] and extractive platforms. [26] Moreover,F ILs display ah igher carbon dioxide solubility power compared with some PFCs, hydrocarbons, or their nonfluorinated counterparts. [27,28] The more rigid molecular backbone present in FILs compared with PFCs, which induces larger cavities that may accommodate more gas molecules, might be the underlying reason.…”

Development of different deep eutectic solvent aqueous biphasic systems for the separation of proteins

“…On the one hand, the hydrophobicity of the polyols improved with the increase in the carbon chain length, 37 indicating decreasing attraction to water and further resistance to phase formation. On the other hand, owing to the presence of more -OH groups, the polyols' hydrophilicity was stronger, 36,38 which increased the hydrogen bonding interaction with water molecules and enhanced the phase-splitting ability. Therefore, compared with the alkyl chain length of the polyols, the number of the hydroxyl groups is a more dominant factor in the phase separation process.…”

“…In conclusion, the abilities to form ABSs were related to the hydrophobicity of different components. 38 The trend can be described as follows: the additional the hydrophilic components combined with more hydrophobic components, the easier it was to form ABSs. .…”

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

“…In this study, ABS composed of ammonium or phosphonium-based ILs and various salts were capable of extracting between 66 and 100% of an antidepressant drug from pharmaceutical waste. Ferreira et al developed a new class of ABS comprised of perfluoroalkylsulfonate-based ILs and a series of carbohydrates [45]. The phase separation behavior for combinations of 12 unique carbohydrates and six ILs were investigated and the resulting ABS applied for the extraction of sulfonated azo dyes.…”