This review investigates the revolutionary application of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMNPs)
as a promising avenue for cancer therapy within the embryonic landscape of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles,
pivotal in cancer treatment, are systematically examined for their diverse physicochemical structures, categorized
as organic (lipid-based, protein-based, and polymer-assisted) and inorganic (carbon-based and metal)
varieties. A significant focus is placed on CMNPs, which serve as an innovative drug delivery vehicle, overcoming
limitations associated with conventional nanoparticle therapies. This manuscript accurately explores
the advantages and challenges of various cell membranes, including those derived from cancer cells, red blood
cells, platelets, stem cells, and white blood cells. Importance is placed on their roles in enhancing drug delivery
precision, immune system circumvention, and targeted recognition. Detailed insights into the crafting of
CMNPs are provided, elucidating membrane extraction and fusion techniques, such as sonication, extrusion,
co-extrusion, and microfluidic electroporation. Maintaining membrane integrity during extraction and the benefits
of coating techniques in augmenting biocompatibility and targeted drug delivery are underscored. This
comprehensive resource consolidates the latest advancements in targeted drug delivery, positioning itself at
the forefront of nanotechnology and biomedicine research. Encapsulating various methodologies like membrane
extrusion, electrospray, and chemical conjugation, this manuscript showcases the expanding toolbox
available to researchers in this dynamic field. Focusing on the unique characteristics of CMNPs, this review explores
their multifaceted applications in biomedical research, particularly in tumour therapy. It provides an indepth
analysis of the biocompatibility of CMNPs, their stability, immune evasion capabilities, targeted drug delivery
precision, increased payload capacity, and retained biological functionality. The manuscript outlines current
applications and future prospects of CMNPs in targeted chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic
therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and innovative therapeutic methods. It concludes by highlighting the
advantages of CMNPs in tumour therapy and their transformative potential in reshaping the landscape of cancer
treatment.
