“…et al, 2005, Yasuda, T. et al, 2005, Yokoi, N. et al, 2006, high index contrast waveguides [Kakihara, K. et al, 2006b], slot waveguides [Fujisawa, T. and M. Koshiba, 2006d, magneto-photonic crystal waveguides M. Koshiba, 2007a, Kono, N. et al, 2007b], and metallic nanostructured particles [Florous, N.J. et al, 2007c] have been proposed. Design methods for photonic crystal fiber Raman amplifiers have been developed [Sasaki, K. et al, 2007, Varshney, S.K.…”