Enhanced thermal stabilization and reduced color formation of plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) using zinc and calcium salts of 11-maleimideoundecanoic acid

The preparation of hydrotalcites with traditional materials is often based on the corresponding salts and alkali solutions. In this study, to facilitate industrial synthesis and take advantage of the lower cost during the process, a Ca–Al–HPO3–layered double hydroxide (LDH) was directly synthesized with calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium phosphite powders. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of the phosphite‐intercalated hydrotalcite. Compared with Ca–Al–CO3–LDH, Ca–Al–HPO3–LDH enhanced the heat stability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in terms of both short‐term and long‐term stability because phosphite replaced the allyl chloride and reacted with the conjugated double bonds in PVC; this was deduced through a thermal aging test. The composites of Ca–Al–HPO3–LDH, zinc stearate, and calcium stearate had a synergetic effect when added to PVC and exhibited excellent thermal stability. In addition, the phosphite reacted with ZnCl2 in case of the phenomenon of zinc burning. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44896.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercalated hydrotalcite‐like materials and their application as thermal stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride)

Yan

Yang

2017

“…Particularly sustainable PVC plasticizers are bio‐based and phthalate‐free materials derived from renewable resources such as epoxidized derivatives of natural oils, bio‐derived succinate esters and their mixtures . Bio‐based epoxidized soybean oil is especially useful since it is economically affordable and has been demonstrated to be sufficiently compatible with PVC (even as a single plasticizer, at loadings as high as 83 parts per hundred resin or 44 wt % of the entire formulation), but only when used in combination with appropriate thermal stabilizers to prevent acid catalyzed oxirane ring opening, which in turn leads to incompatibility with the polymer …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dialkyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylates, epoxidized fatty acid esters and their mixtures as bio‐based plasticizers for poly(VInylchloride)

Chaudhary

Nguyen

Zamanskiy

2015

Dialkyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylates and epoxidized fatty acid esters (EFAE) of varying molecular weights and volatilities, as well as their mixtures, were investigated as alternative plasticizers for poly(vinylchloride) (PVC). The EFAE utilized were epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (e-FAME). All plasticizers were compatible with PVC, with plasticization efficiencies usually increasing with decreasing molecular weights of the plasticizers (except in the case of ESO, which was remarkably effective at plasticizing PVC, in spite of its relatively high molecular weight). In comparison with phthalate and trimellitate plasticizers, the alternatives generally yielded improved balance of flexibility and retention of mechanical properties after heat aging, with particularly outstanding results obtained using 30250 wt % e-FAME in mixtures with diisotridecyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate. Although heat aging characteristics of the plasticized polymer were often related to plasticizer volatilities, e-FAME performed better than bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,5-furandicarboxylate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate of comparatively higher molecular weights. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42382.

“…Note that the metal soap used herein was of a type that is particularly effective at stabilizing ESO plasticized PVC compositions . Furthermore, other newer thermal stabilizers have also been shown to be useful in such systems …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and migration of bio‐based epoxidized soybean oil and its mixtures with tri(2‐ethylhexyl) trimellitate in poly(vinylchloride)

Mao

Chaudhary

Sun

et al. 2015

Self Cite

The efficacy of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), tri(2‐ethylhexyl) trimellitate, and mixtures thereof as plasticizers for poly(vinylchloride) has been studied. At 80°C, the trimellitate was slower to absorb in this polymer than ESO and was also less soluble, but the former exhibited higher solubility at 120°C. Plasticization efficiencies of stabilized polymeric compositions were similar with ESO and the trimellitate (despite their very different molecular weights). The trimellitate yielded greater mass loss during heat aging of the plasticized compositions, but substituting even minor amounts of it with ESO decreased mass loss synergistically. The trimellitate also resulted in more of an increase in hardness than ESO over time at elevated temperatures, but when aged at 120°C, mixtures of the two surprisingly had more deleterious effects. Thus, although ESO can replace part or all of trimellitates in plasticized PVC, using it as sole plasticizer would be preferable when heat aging performance is a requirement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41966.