Enhanced Thermal Conductivity through the Development of Nanofluids

Eastman, J. A.; Choi, Ung-Kyu; Li, S.; Thompson, L. J.; Lee, S.

doi:10.1557/proc-457-3

Cited by 778 publications

(450 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Data for the water based nanofluids with SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3 particles are compared in Fig. 3, 4 with experimental data [15,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40], while the dashed line corresponds to formula (1). Our data are generally in good agreement with data of other authors.…”

Section: Sio2supporting

confidence: 86%

Thermal conductivity measurements of nanofluids

Pryazhnikov

Минаков

Rudyak

et al. 2017

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

212

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The paper presents the results of systematic measurements of the thermal conductivity coefficient of nanofluids at room temperature. In total, more than fifty various nanofluids based on water, ethylene glycol, and engine oil containing particles of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, CuO, and diamond were studied. The nanoparticles volume concentration ranged from 0.25 to 8% and the particles size ranged from 10 to 150 nm. It is shown that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is not described by the classical theories (Maxwell's and so forth). The nanofluid thermal conductivity coefficient is a complicated function not only of the particle concentration, but also the particles size, their material, and type of base fluid. Measured thermal conductivity coefficients almost always exceed the values calculated by the Maxwell's formula, though nanofluids with sufficiently small particles may have thermal conductivity coefficients even lower than those predicted by the Maxwell theory. However, in all cases, the nanofluid thermal conductivity coefficient enhances with increasing particle size. It is convincingly shown that there is no direct correlation between the thermal conductivity of the nanoparticle material and the thermal conductivity of nanofluid containing these particles. The base liquid also significantly influences the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. It has been confirmed that the lower the thermal conductivity of the base fluid, the higher the relative thermal conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid.

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Section: Sio2supporting

confidence: 86%

Thermal conductivity measurements of nanofluids

Pryazhnikov

Минаков

Rudyak

et al. 2017

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

212

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then we used the solution to test the performance crystallizer. The solution stability was over a week long 10 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of variation in performance of crystallizer with different flow rate of cold fluid (nanofluid and base fluid) and volumetric concentration of nanofluid was done. While doing this the inlet temperature of hot solution in the heating tank was maintained at 60 o C and the inlet temperature of cold fluid was maintained at 18 o C. As the cold fluid was recycled trough same tank its inlet and outlet temperature varies gradually 10 . The inlet temperature of cold fluid goes on increasing while outlet temperature goes on deceasing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nanofluid on the Performance of Crystallization

2014

Chem Sci Trans

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Nanofluids, the fluid suspensions of nanomaterials , have shown many interesting properties, and the distinctive feature offer unprecedented potential for many applications. Nanofluids which are known as new generation of thermal fluids have particular feature which are affected on their behavior. Present paper focuses on behavior of nanofluids in crystallization. The objectives of this paper are to visualize the effect of nanofluid in crystallization operation as compared to convectional fluids i.e water (DW). Results are presented in terms of heat transfer coefficient. For 1% nanofluid heat transfer coefficient is 255.645 w/m 2o K and 264.438 w/m 2o K for 3% nanofluids which enhance significantly the crystallization performance. The use of CuO nanofluids in crystallizer increases the yield of crystallizer. The percentage increase in yield for 1% nanofluids is 4.4% and for 3% nanofluids percentage increase in yield was 5.5%. The nanoparticles used in the experiment was 98.5% pure copper oxide, with an average particle size of 32 nm synthesized by using chemical precipitation method. The nanofluid was prepared by mixing nanoparticles with de-ionized water to prepare experimental concentration of 1% and 3%. The magnesium sulfate solution to be crystallizing is prepared in lab and the average percentage increases heat transfer coefficients for 1% nano-Fluid was found to be 13.1% and 22.31 for 3% nanofluids.

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“…Subsequently, Choi et al [29] showed that the addition of a small amount (less than 1% by volume) of nanoparticles to conventional heat transfer liquids increase the thermal conductivity of the fluid up to approximately two times. The earliest observations of thermal conductivity enhancement in liquid were reported by Masuda et al [30], Xuan and Li [31], Eastman et al [32]. Basic properties of nanofluids and related studies are briefly discussed in Das et al [33] and the review articles by Buongiorno [34], Wang and mazumdar [35], Kakac and Pramuanjaroenkij [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermocapillary flow of thin Cu-water nanoliquid film during spin coating process

Maity¹

2017

Int Nano Lett

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Unsteady flow of thin Cu-water nanoliquid film over a horizontal rotating disk is studied numerically using finite difference technique under the assumption of planar interface. It is also assumed that the disk is cooling axisymmetrically from below. The effects of the nanolayer thickness and nanoparticle radius are considered for investigation. It is found that the film thinning rate decreases with increase of the nanoparticle volume fraction. It is also found that thickness of liquid decreases with increase of the thermocapillary parameter. The results show that the rate of film thinning is more for the thermal conductivity model of Yu and Choi [47] compared to the model of Maxwell [46]. It is observed that the film thinning rate increases with increase of nanolayer thickness but it decreases with the nanoparticle radius. A curve R ¼ R c ðz; tÞ in R À z plane is delineated along which temperature gradient T z is zero and positive or negative according to R\R c or R [ R c respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that the region for T z [ 0 enlarges with increase of the nanoparticle volume fraction and the nanolayer thickness.

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Enhanced Thermal Conductivity through the Development of Nanofluids

Cited by 778 publications

References 4 publications

Thermal conductivity measurements of nanofluids

Thermal conductivity measurements of nanofluids

Influence of Nanofluid on the Performance of Crystallization

Thermocapillary flow of thin Cu-water nanoliquid film during spin coating process

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