Enhanced the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile piezoelectric composite fibers filled with ionic liquids

Abstract

Here, we demonstrate the design and application of a multifunctional piezoelectric composite nanofiber membrane. In this study, the most widely used electrospinning method, by adding a small amount of 1-allyl-3-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl 3 Á6H 2 O) to regulate the structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), the mechanical properties, piezoelectric properties, dielectric properties, and ferroelectric properties of composite nanofibers were improved. The results show that the piezoelectric properties of PAN composite fibers are greatly improved under the action of dual fillers. At 10 3 Hz, the dielectric constant of the PAN composite fiber is as high as 8.24, which is three times that of the pure PAN fiber. The sensor made from the composite nanofibers exhibits excellent sensitivity and high saturation polarization. At low pressure (<1 kPa), the sensitivity of the composite fiber is as high as 0.51 kPa. When we tap the sensor with our finger, the PAN composite fiber produces high piezoelectric output (5.7 V). The results show that the composite nanofibers have great potential in energy storage devices and flexible piezoelectric sensors, among other fields.

Electron/hole piezocatalysis in chemical reactions

“…56 During electrospinning, PAN is polarized and stretched by the electric field simultaneously, and thereby the PAN composite fibers are oriented in the same direction, and the planar zigzag conformation becomes dominant. 56,57 Compared to PVDF, PAN shows a stronger dipole moment, lower dielectric loss, and higher thermal stability. 58 2.3.3.…”

“…92,93 The addition of ILs to the PVDF matrix induces the generation of b-phase which is owing to the interactions between ILs and PVDF. 57 What happens is that the ions interact with PVDF chains and occupy the amorphous interlamellar regions of PVDF. 94 Five diverse ILs with a similar cation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [Emim] and five diverse ILs with a similar anion of bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide [TFSI] were investigated regarding the piezoelectric properties of PVDF.…”

“…The addition of the fillers of ionic liquid and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O) enhanced the conformational transition of PAN fibers to the conformation of planar zigzag because of the hydrogen bonds formed between the fillers and PAN's cyano groups. 99…”

Flexible piezoelectric sensor based on polyacrylonitrile/MWCNT/MXene composites films for human physiological health detection

“…0.007 g, 0.014 g, 0.021 g of MWCNT and 0.0035 g, 0.007 g, 0.014 g of MXene were added to 5 mL of DMF respectively, ultrasonicated for 1 h to disperse evenly, afterward, 0.7 g of PAN was added, the composite solutions were stirred at 58 C for 6 h and then used for electrospinning; in the spinning precursor solution, the mass fractions of PAN were 14%, 50 the mass fractions of MWCNT were 1%, 2%, and 3%, the mass fractions of MXene were 0.5%, 1%, and 2% respectively. The six films were named PAN/CNT-1, PAN/CNT-2, PAN/CNT-3, PAN/MX-0.5, PAN/MX-1, and PAN/MX-2 respectively…”

“…Figure 5a,b display the SEM images of PAN/CNT-3/MX-1 nanofibers, the composite nanofibers had a rough surface, the surface roughness will enhance frictional, thus increased the planner zigzag conformation content, [47][48][49][50][51] Figure 5c is the EDS image of PAN/CNT-3/MX-1 nanofibers, the five elements were distributed in the nanofibers; Ti and F originated from MXene, the uniform distribution of these elements illustrated the uniform distribution of MXene in PAN nanofibers, theoretically, the element O came from MWCNT and MXene, a fibrous elemental distribution was observed in the O elemental distribution spectra, while a fibrous elemental distribution could not be observed in the Ti elemental distribution spectra, it indicated that the source of the O element included MWCNT in addition to MXene, thus confirming the uniform distribution of MWCNT and MXene in nanofibers. In summary, MWCNT and MXene improved the conductivity and surface microstructure, while EDS spectra indicated that PAN contained MWCNT and MXene.…”