Enhanced test methods to characterise automotive battery cells

Mulder, G.; Omar, Noshin; Pauwels, Stijn; Leemans, Filip; Verbrugge, Bavo; Nijs, Wouter De; Bossche, Peter Van den; Six, Daan; Mierlo, Joeri Van

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.07.072

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As mentioned before, these methodologies aim to analyze limited specific parameters. In this study, a new characterization method is presented in Figure 6 based on the described tests sequences in [60,61]. As we notice, the methodology contains all the essential characterizations and performance tests at room temperature (RT).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In this paper, the performances of various lithium-ion chemistries for use in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been investigated and compared to several other rechargeable energy storage systems technologies such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and electrical-double layer capacitors. The analysis has shown the beneficial properties of lithium-ion in the terms of energy density, power density and rate capabilities. Particularly, the nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode stands out with the high energy density up to 160 Wh/kg, compared to 70-110, 90 and 71 Wh/kg for lithium iron phosphate cathode, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum cathode and, lithium titanate oxide anode battery cells, respectively. These values are considerably higher than the lead-acid (23-28 Wh/kg) and nickel-metal hydride (44-53 Wh/kg) battery technologies. The dynamic discharge performance test shows that the energy efficiency of the lithium-ion batteries is significantly higher than the lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride technologies. The efficiency varies between 86% and 98%, with the best values obtained by pouch battery cells, ahead of cylindrical and prismatic battery design concepts. Also the power capacity of lithium-ion technology is superior compared to other technologies. The power density is in the range of 300-2400 W/kg against 200-400 and 90-120 W/kg for lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride, respectively. However, considering the influence of energy efficiency, the power density is in the range of 100-1150 W/kg. Lithium-ion batteries optimized for high energy are at the OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 2953 lower end of this range and are challenged to meet the United States Advanced Battery Consortium, SuperLIB and Massachusetts Institute of Technology goals. Their association with electric-double layer capacitors, which have low energy density (4-6 Wh/kg) but outstanding power capabilities, could be very interesting. The study of the rate capability of the lithium-ion batteries has allowed for a new state of charge estimation, encompassing all essential performance parameters. The rate capabilities tests are reflected by Peukert constants, which are significantly lower for lithium-ion batteries than for nickel-metal hydride and lead-acid. Furthermore, rate capabilities during charging have been investigated. Lithium-ion batteries are able to store about 80% of the capacity at current rate 2I t , with high power cells accepting over 90%. At higher charging rates of 5I t or more, the internal resistance impedes charge acceptance by high energy cells. The lithium titanate anode, due to its high surface area (100 m 2 /g compared to 3 m 2 /g for the graphite based anode) performs much better in this respect. The behavior of lithium-ion batteries has been investigated at different conditions. The analysis has leaded us to a new lithium ion battery model. This model will be compared to existing battery models in future research contributions.

show abstract

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The characterization tests that will be run on individual battery cells are chosen among the enhanced tests proposed in [4]. It should, however, be noted that charge and discharge current magnitudes for these tests are modified due to limitations on the power supply and electronic load ratings.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li-ion batteries are usually composed of a carbon-made anode, a lithium ion conducting material electrolyte, and a cathode. There are a wide range of commercial cathode materials including LiCoO 2 and LiFePO 4 , each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. The chemical reactions occurring in a LiFePO 4 battery during charge and discharge are: …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These tests can be categorized as characterization, lifetime, reliability, and abuse tolerance tests [4]. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) [5], potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT) [5], cyclic voltammetry (CV) [6], and impedance spectroscopy [6] are some of the commonly used characterization tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to overcome these issues, a number of tests have been devised to characterize battery cells and packs for transportation applications. A summary of the main international battery test standards is given in [4,7]. Although these tests are mainly designed for transportation applications, a majority of them, such as capacity and hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) tests [8], can be used for other Li-ion battery applications as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of an Experimental Testbed for Research in Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Advanced electrochemical batteries are becoming an integral part of a wide range of applications from household and commercial to smart grid, transportation, and aerospace applications. Among different battery technologies, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are growing more and more popular due to their high energy density, high galvanic potential, low self-discharge, low weight, and the fact that they have almost no memory effect. However, one of the main obstacles facing the widespread commercialization of Li-ion batteries is the design of reliable battery management systems (BMSs). An efficient BMS ensures electrical safety during operation, while increasing battery lifetime, capacity and thermal stability. Despite the need for extensive research in this field, the majority of research conducted on Li-ion battery packs and BMS are proprietary works conducted by manufacturers. The available literature, however, provides either general descriptions or detailed analysis of individual components of the battery system, and ignores addressing details of the overall system development. This paper addresses the development of an experimental research testbed for studying Li-ion batteries and their BMS design. The testbed can be configured in a variety of cell and pack architectures, allowing for a wide range of BMS monitoring, diagnostics, and control technologies to be tested and analyzed. General considerations that should be taken into account while designing Li-ion battery systems are reviewed and different technologies and challenges commonly encountered in OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 5232 Li-ion battery systems are investigated. This testbed facilitates future development of more practical and improved BMS technologies with the aim of increasing the safety, reliability, and efficiency of existing Li-ion battery systems. Experimental results of initial tests performed on the system are used to demonstrate some of the capabilities of the developed research testbed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work that addresses, at the same time, the practical battery system development issues along with the theoretical and technological challenges from cell to pack level.

show abstract

Short‐Term Tests, Long‐Term Predictions – Accelerating Ageing Characterisation of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Paarmann,

Schreiber,

Chahbaz

et al. 2024

Batteries & Supercaps

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the battery industry, quick determination of the ageing behaviour of lithium‐ion batteries is important both for the evaluation of existing designs as well as for R&D on future technologies. However, the target battery lifetime is 8–10 years, which implies low ageing rates that lead to an unacceptably long ageing test duration under real operation conditions. Therefore, ageing characterisation tests need to be accelerated to obtain ageing patterns in a period ranging from a few weeks to a few months. Known strategies, such as increasing the severity of stress factors, for example, temperature, current, and taking measurements with particularly high precision, need care in application to achieve meaningful results. We observe that this challenge does not receive enough attention in typical ageing studies. Therefore, this review introduces the definition and challenge of accelerated ageing along existing methods to accelerate the characterisation of battery ageing and lifetime modelling. We systematically discuss approaches along the existing literature. In this context, several test conditions and feasible acceleration strategies are highlighted, and the underlying modelling and statistical perspective is provided. This makes the review valuable for all who set up ageing tests, interpret ageing data, or rely on ageing data to predict battery lifetime.

show abstract

Enhanced test methods to characterise automotive battery cells

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

Development of an Experimental Testbed for Research in Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems

Short‐Term Tests, Long‐Term Predictions – Accelerating Ageing Characterisation of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About