Enhanced storage capability and kinetic processes by pores- and hetero-atoms- riched carbon nanobubbles for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries anodes

Hierarchically‐Porous Carbon Derived from a Large‐Scale Iron‐based Organometallic Complex for Versatile Energy Storage

“…Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the first fivecycles is conducted to investigate the electrochemicalp rocess of HPC at as can rate of 0.2 mV s À1 within ap otential range of 0.001-3.0 V, as shown in Figure 3a.T he peak located at 1.7 Vi nt he first reduction process is ascribed to irreversible lithiumi nsertion into special positions, such as superfine pores,t he vicinity of residual hydrogen atoms,a nd innermost micropore; [26] whereas the broad peak at 0.52 Vc orresponds to the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) owing to the decomposition of electrolyte and LiÀOs uperficial bondingf eaturing irreversible wide peak. [20] In the following cycles, the two irreversible processes disappeara nd the CV curves overlap well, indicating as table SEI layer with good reversibility.T he capacity above 0.5 Vi sa ttributed to the defects, pores,a nd the lithium bondingw ith heteroatoms.H owever,t he capacity below 0.5 V is relative to lithium metal under potentiald eposition. During the anodic scanning process,l ithiumd esertion takes place in ab road potential window of 0.001-3 V, demonstrating an appreciable potentialh ysteresis.…”

“…Moreover,amass of heteroatoms will enhance the storagec apabilityofmetal ions by forming the chemical bonding. [20] Integration of the 1D structure, hierarchical porosity,a nd the heteroatomdoping will influence the energy storage.…”

Porous nitrogen doped carbon sphere as high performance anode of sodium-ion battery

“…Cycle performance Rate performance Cycle number Current (mA g À1 ) Capacity (mAh g À1 ) P-N-CS (this work) 600 200 206 155 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 N-doped nanofiber [25] 200 200 134.2 132 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 Hard carbon spherules [30] 100 30 290 75 mAh g À1 at 600 mA g À1 N-hollow carbon nanowires [31] 400 50 206.3 149 mAh g À1 at 500 mA g À1 Hollow carbon spheres [32] 100 100 160 142 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 Carbon microspheres [27] 50 30 183 80 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 Carbon nanofibers [23] 600 200 176 $125 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 N-doped nanofiber [29] 100 50 243 153 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 Carbon nanobubbles [28] 30 200 60 25 mAh g À1 at 500 mA g À1 Banana peel pseudographite [26] 600 500 210 $175 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 Templated carbon [19] 40 74 120 100 mAh g À1 at 1850 mA g À1 Carbon from graphite oxide [43] 30 20 170 Reduced graphene oxide [22] 250 200 93.3 95.6 mAh g À1 at 1000 mA g À1 a b …”

“…To date, many materials, such as, alloys [8][9][10], phosphorus [11,12], organic compounds [13,14], Ti-based oxides [15][16][17] and amorphous carbons [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], have been investigated as anode candidates for SIB. Alloys show the large reversible capacities, while the large volume expansion of Sn ($520%) and Sb ($390%) during the sodiation limits their cycle stability.…”

Boron-Doped Carbon Nano-/Microballs from Orthoboric Acid-Starch: Preparation, Characterization, and Lithium Ion Storage Properties

“…To date, several approaches including enriching the morphology of solid-liquid interface [1][2][3] and increasing the lithium intercalation sites embedded with versatile heteroatoms have attracted great attention to improve the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous anodic materials [4][5][6][7][8]. Among them, nanostructured morphologies [9][10][11][12][13][14] and heteroatoms embedment have been disclosed to be two of the most important approaches for carbonaceous anodes with brilliant, interesting, and enhanced physicochemical and electrochemical properties.…”