Enhanced stability of Pt electrocatalysts by nitrogen doping in CNTs for PEM fuel cells

Chen, Yougui; Wang, Jiajun; Líu, Hao; Li, Ruyin; Sun, Xueliang; Ye, Siyu; Knights, Shanna

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.09.008

Cited by 200 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the use of CNTs and NCNTs increases the Pt dispersion, leading to higher Pt utilization. 3,4 Other than carbon based support, studies have been carried out on metal based nanostructures. In most cases, metal oxides and ceramic materials are electrochemically stable in a fuel cell environment, and can act as cocatalysts through affecting the electronic structure of the catalyst.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiSi₂O_x Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs

et al. 2013

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Composite nanostrucutres of TiSi 2 O x coated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were synthesized by a combination of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and magnetron sputtering processes. The synthesized nanostructures were used as supports for Pt catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange memberane fuel cells (PEMFCs). An amorphous layer of TiSi 2 O x with controlled thicknesses was sputtered on NCNTs and followed by post-treatment at high temperature (1000°C, An-TiSi 2 O x -NCNTs), inducing TiO 2 nanoparticles of around 5 nm in diameter embedded in the amorphous layer. Further analyses via X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Ti K edge and Si K edge revealed the Ti atoms were in a TiO 2 rutile environment and the Si atoms were in a SiO 2 environment. Pt nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3 nm were deposited on the composite support, and their electrochemical behaviors toward ORR were studied. It was revealed that, even with lower electrochemical surface area (ECSA), Pt/An-TiSi 2 O x -NCNTs showed better catalytic activity toward ORR than Pt/NCNT catalysts. The origin of enhanced activity of Pt/An-TiSi 2 O x -NCNTs was examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and the X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra (XANES) of the deposited Pt nanoparticles.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiSi₂O_x Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs

et al. 2013

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“…Despite the significant advances over the past decades, ORR catalyst activity [2] and stability [3][4][5] remain key challenges for widespread commercialization. High ORR activity is typically obtained through the use of highly dispersed platinum crystallites on conductive high surface area supports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt and Pt/Ni "Needle" Eletrocatalysts on Carbon Nanotubes with High Activity for the ORR

Elvington

Colón-Mercado

2011

Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters

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“…The RRDE technique was also applied to quantitatively determine the HO 2 À generation rate by setting the potential of the ring electrode at 0.7 V (vs. SHE), where the oxidation of the HO 2 À occurred by ORR on the disk electrode. [24] Figure 4 d shows the Faradaic current at the disk (I d ), the Faradaic current at the ring (I r ), vs. E curves. A negligible current for HO 2 À oxidation recorded at the platinum ring electrode is observed.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen-doped carbon has also been investigated as support for platinum-based catalysts. Sun et al [23][24][25] demonstrated that nitrogen-doped-CNT-supported platinum showed better electrocatalytic activity and durability for the ORR than platinum on undoped carbon, indicating their possible use in fuel cells. Compared to undoped carbon, carbon-based materials doped with heteroatoms in the carbon/graphite structure have a more defective structure and more disruptions in their lattice.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…During RRDE measurements, the Pt ring electrode for the ring-disk assembly was potentiostated at 0.7 V vs. SHE where the detection of peroxide is diffusion limited. [24] The collection efficiency (N) of the GC/Pt RRDE, calculated using the Fe(CN) 6 4À /Fe(CN) 6 3À redox couple, was determined to be 37 % on both smooth and JM-20 % Pt/C (Johnson-Matthey Comp.) coated RRDE at 400 to 1600 rpm.…”

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A Nitrogen‐Doped Polyaniline Carbon with High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2012

ChemSusChem

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With the rapid depletion of fossil fuels and increasingly worse environmental pollution caused the pursuit of environmentally friendly, "green" energy sources, which would transform our economy and society into sustainable models, becomes ever more pertinent. Fuel cells, as new energy devices, have been recognized as one of several future technologies with the potential to resolve the above-mentioned environmental and energy issues because they offer advantages such as cleanliness, high energy efficiencies and power densities, low operating temperatures, and fast power generation from start-up. [1,2] In H 2 -O 2 fuel cells, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode, which plays a key role in controlling the performance of a fuel cell, is more sluggish than the fast hydrogen oxidation reaction at the anode. [3,4] Until now, platinum and platinum alloys supported on carbon have been regarded as the best catalysts for the ORR because of their high activities and stabilities. However, the fundamental limitation in the supply of precious-metal platinum, which causes its very high cost, prohibits the large-scale production of platinum-based fuel cells. Moreover, the electrocatalytic activity of platinumbased catalysts deteriorates at high potentials due to increases of the particle size, metal dissolution, support corrosion, and deactivation by contaminants. [5][6][7] Thus, the exploration of nonnoble-metal catalysts with both high performance and durability is of great significance, and recognized as a top priority in providing key technological solutions for the commercialization of fuel cells. Many works have explored non-preciousmetal cathode catalysts, reporting on the use of metal-macrocycle complexes and their pyrolized derivatives, [8][9][10] transitional-metal clusters, [11,12] transitional-metal carbides and nitrides, [13,14] metal oxides, [15,16] the recently reported transitionmetal-carbon-nitrogen composites [17][18][19] and carbon-based catalysts, [20,21] and other strategies. Although much progress has been achieved, there are still challenges regarding both ORR activity and stability.Among these candidates, carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-doped) have received much attention as being among the most promising ORR catalysts because they have demonstrated high ORR activity and excellent stability in fuel cells. Gong et al. [21] reported that vertically aligned nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (VA-NCNTs) could present better electrocatalytic activity and stability in alkaline media than platinum supported on carbon and undoped carbon nanotubes. Liu et al. [22] demonstrated the high electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability, and excellent methanol tolerance of P-doped graphite layers, prepared by pyrolysis of toluene and triphenylphosphine (TPP), for the ORR in alkaline medium. Nitrogen-doped carbon has also been investigated as support for platinum-based catalysts. Sun et al. [23][24][25] demonstrated that nitrogen-doped-CNT-supported pl...

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Enhanced stability of Pt electrocatalysts by nitrogen doping in CNTs for PEM fuel cells

Cited by 200 publications

References 11 publications

TiSi₂O_x Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs

TiSi₂O_x Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs

Pt and Pt/Ni "Needle" Eletrocatalysts on Carbon Nanotubes with High Activity for the ORR

A Nitrogen‐Doped Polyaniline Carbon with High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells

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Enhanced stability of Pt electrocatalysts by nitrogen doping in CNTs for PEM fuel cells

Cited by 200 publications

References 11 publications

TiSi2Ox Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs

TiSi2Ox Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs

Pt and Pt/Ni "Needle" Eletrocatalysts on Carbon Nanotubes with High Activity for the ORR

A Nitrogen‐Doped Polyaniline Carbon with High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells

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TiSi₂O_x Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs

TiSi₂O_x Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs