Enhanced Stability of Enzyme Immobilized in Rationally Designed Amphiphilic Aerogel and Its Application for Sensitive Glucose Detection

Abstract

Natural enzyme complex with the subunits cooperating with each other could catalyze cascade reactions in biological system but, just like the limitation of free-floating natural enzymes, usually suffer from deactivation in harsh environment such as high temperature. In this study, a purpose-driven design of amphiphilic aerogel working as the enzymes-immobilization substrate to form the multienzyme complex (MEC) was demonstrated. The aerogel was synthesized only by a single polymer poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as well as a surface modulator maleic acid (MA), the incorporation of which tunes the surface wettability. The usage of the amphiphilic aerogel may do favor for multienzyme immobilization, conserving the enzyme conformation as well as stabilizing the enzymes in high temperature. As a typical example, glucose oxidase and hemin were firmly coimmobilized in the aerogel matrix and actively catalyze the cascade reactions of (i) glucose to gluconic acid and (ii) 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to its oxidized state. The enzymes could resist the degradation under high temperature (70–100 °C) which is witnessed by the rate of decrease in activity was progressively slackened. Taking the advantage of the chromogenic reaction of TMB, a glucose sensor based on aerogel-enzyme composite for glucose detection in whole blood and sweat was established, exhibiting reliable results and satisfactory recovery. The modified aerogel could also withstand multiple physical deformation meantime maintaining good adsorption capacity as well as catalytic performance. The enzymes-loading aerogel model may hopefully contribute to composing sensors based on other analytes.

A Bisboronic Acid Sensor for Ultra-High Selective Glucose Assay by 19F NMR Spectroscopy

“…Finally, this crude product was purified by NaOH/HCl and dried to get targeted compound. This final compound has been fully characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 11 B and 19 F NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (see Figures S2−S5 in supporting information). The molecule structure of sensor 1 supported its characterization.…”

“…All 19 F and 13 C NMR spectra were measured proton decoupled. 11 B NMR was measured with single pulse experiment. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectra were conducted using a Bruker microTOF-Q II machine with positive mode.…”

“…As a consequence, numerous sensing approaches have been developed to selectively detect glucose with high sensitivity and selectivity. Including electrochemical method, − optical sensing, − fluorescence sensing, ,,,− surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and so forth. However, most of the electrochemical methods are glucose enzyme-based sensors, which need complicated enzyme fixation and are easy to be influenced by surrounding environment .…”

Trending Technology of Glucose Monitoring during COVID‐19 Pandemic: Challenges in Personalized Healthcare

“…[ 50,51 ] Currently, among the numerous cutting‐edge technological devices, especially in terms of glucose sensors, GCE has numerous attractive properties such as a low background current and convenient fabrication; therefore, it is an important electrode for nonenzymatic instruments. However, a drawback of this platform is its slow electron transfer; thus, it is necessary to modify the surface of the electrode by loading it with various catalyst nanomaterials such as noble and transition metal/metal oxides (e.g., Au, [ 52–54 ] Ag [ 55 ] /ZnO, [ 56,57 ] Cu 2 O, [ 58,59 ] NiO, [ 27,60 ] and Co 3 O 4 [ 61 ] ) and alloys/complexes (e.g., Cu 3 Pt, [ 62 ] Ni 5 P 4 , [ 50 ] and NiCo [ 63,64 ] ).…”

High-Performance Passive Plasma Separation on OSTE Pillar Forest

“…Blood contains many biomarkers that are related to the health conditions of human body, from indexes of nutrients (such as glucose and vitamin) to cancer markers (such as prostate-specific antigen) [1][2][3]. Therefore, many point-of-care diagnostic platforms use whole blood as sample liquids for testing.…”