“…Unique UCNP properties provide NIR-tovisible and NIR-to-NIR luminescence suitable for bioimaging (Kobayashi et al, 2009), long-term visualization implemented even at the level of single NP (Liu et al, 2018), and the excellent excitation depth in biological tissue of up to 1 cm (Zhan et al, 2013). In addition, UCNPs are characterized by superior photostability, non-blinking (Wu et al, 2009), long lifetimes (Zhan et al, 2013;Pilch et al, 2017), low cytotoxicity (Guller et al, 2015(Guller et al, , 2018Vedunova et al, 2016), and high spatial resolution during bioimaging (Zhan et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2013;Khaydukov et al, 2014;González-Béjar et al, 2016;Generalova et al, 2017).…”