Enhanced Spatial Resolution During Locomotion and Heightened Attention in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Mineault, Patrick J.; Tring, Elaine; Trachtenberg, Joshua T.; Ringach, Dario L.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0430-16.2016

Cited by 128 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recent studies have established a relationship between pupil dilation and periods of movement in mice, including locomotion and whisking (Reimer et al, 2014; McGinley et al, 2015a; Vinck et al, 2015; Mineault et al, 2016). Because different types of movements are involved in performance of the tactile decision-making task, we sought to determine the relative contributions of whisker movement and licking for water reward to the observed task-related increases in pupil diameter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work indicates that pupil dilation in mice is correlated with a desynchronized cortical state and inversely correlated with the occurrence of hippocampal fast ripples (Reimer et al, 2014; McGinley et al, 2015a,b). Desynchronized cortical states are associated with improved sensory fidelity and behavioral detection (Devilbiss and Waterhouse, 2011; Reimer et al, 2014; Martins and Froemke, 2015; McGinley et al, 2015a; Vinck et al, 2015; Fazlali et al, 2016; Mineault et al, 2016). In our experiments, pupil-linked cortical desynchronization could function to improve texture discrimination by enhancing sensory coding or refining sensorimotor integration processes involved in sensory-guided decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pupil Dynamics Reflect Behavioral Choice and Learning in a Go/NoGo Tactile Decision-Making Task in Mice

Lee

Margolis

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The eye’s pupil undergoes dynamic changes in diameter associated with cognitive effort, motor activity and emotional state, and can be used to index brain state across mammalian species. Recent studies in head-fixed mice have linked arousal-related pupil dynamics with global neural activity as well as the activity of specific neuronal populations. However, it has remained unclear how pupil dynamics in mice report trial-by-trial performance of behavioral tasks, and change on a longer time scale with learning. We measured pupil dynamics longitudinally as mice learned to perform a Go/NoGo tactile decision-making task. Mice learned to discriminate between two textures presented to the whiskers by licking in response to the Go texture (Hit trial) or withholding licking in response to the NoGo texture (Correct Reject trial, CR). Characteristic pupil dynamics were associated with behavioral choices: large-amplitude pupil dilation prior to and during licking accompanied Hit and False Alarm (FA) responses, while smaller amplitude dilation followed by constriction accompanied CR responses. With learning, the choice-dependent pupil dynamics became more pronounced, including larger amplitude dilations in both Hit and FA trials and earlier onset dilations in Hit and CR trials. A more pronounced constriction was also present in CR trials. Furthermore, pupil dynamics predicted behavioral choice increasingly with learning to greater than 80% accuracy. Our results indicate that pupil dynamics reflect behavioral choice and learning in head-fixed mice, and have implications for understanding decision- and learning-related neuronal activity in pupil-linked neural circuits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil Dynamics Reflect Behavioral Choice and Learning in a Go/NoGo Tactile Decision-Making Task in Mice

Lee

Margolis

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Interestingly, a preferential gain enhancement of high-SF V1 neurons was observed in mice during locomotion (Mineault, Tring, Trachtenberg, & Ringach, 2016) and linked to heightened resolution brought about by attention in humans (Barbot, 2016; Carrasco & Yeshurun, 2009). V1 neurons tuned to different SFs had different operating points, which resulted in larger gain modulations for high-SF than low-SF neurons and in enhanced resolution during locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Modifies Spatial Resolution According to Task Demands

2017

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How does visual attention affect spatial resolution? In texture-segmentation tasks, exogenous (involuntary) attention automatically increases resolution at the attended location, which improves performance where resolution is too low (at the periphery) but impairs performance where resolution is already too high (at central locations). Conversely, endogenous (voluntary) attention improves performance at all eccentricities, which suggests a more flexible mechanism. Here, using selective adaptation to spatial frequency, we investigated the mechanism by which endogenous attention benefits performance in resolution tasks. Participants detected a texture target that could appear at several eccentricities. Adapting to high or low spatial frequencies selectively affected performance in a manner consistent with changes in resolution. Moreover, adapting to high, but not low, frequencies mitigated the attentional benefit at central locations where resolution was too high; this shows that attention can improve performance by decreasing resolution. Altogether, our results indicate that endogenous attention benefits performance by modulating the contribution of high-frequency information in order to flexibly adjust spatial resolution according to task demands.

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“…By comparison, neuronal activity pattern transitions in the awake brain are subtler, and the mechanisms orchestrating these transitions are less studied. However, an increasing body of literature are starting to emerge [3, 4, 12–16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functionally, the switch from quiet wakefulness to an active state have been associated with changes in sensory information processing and representations, such as an increased gain of neurons in primary visual cortex and modulated sound-evoked responses in primary auditory cortex [3, 4, 16, 18], but almost nothing is known about the role of astrocytes in these transitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Global Astrocytic Calcium Signaling Participate in Awake Brain State Transitions and Neuronal Circuit Function?

et al. 2017

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We continuously need to adapt to changing conditions within our surrounding environment, and our brain needs to quickly shift between resting and working activity states in order to allow appropriate behaviors. These global state shifts are intimately linked to the brain-wide release of the neuromodulators, noradrenaline and acetylcholine. Astrocytes have emerged as a new player participating in the regulation of brain activity, and have recently been implicated in brain state shifts. Astrocytes display global Ca2+ signaling in response to activation of the noradrenergic system, but whether astrocytic Ca2+ signaling is causative or correlative for shifts in brain state and neural activity patterns is not known. Here we review the current available literature on astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in awake animals in order to explore the role of astrocytic signaling in brain state shifts. Furthermore, we look at the development and availability of innovative new methodological tools that are opening up for new ways of visualizing and perturbing astrocyte activity in awake behaving animals. With these new tools at hand, the field of astrocyte research will likely be able to elucidate the causal and mechanistic roles of astrocytes in complex behaviors within a very near future.

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Enhanced Spatial Resolution During Locomotion and Heightened Attention in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Cited by 128 publications

References 45 publications

Pupil Dynamics Reflect Behavioral Choice and Learning in a Go/NoGo Tactile Decision-Making Task in Mice

Pupil Dynamics Reflect Behavioral Choice and Learning in a Go/NoGo Tactile Decision-Making Task in Mice

Attention Modifies Spatial Resolution According to Task Demands

Does Global Astrocytic Calcium Signaling Participate in Awake Brain State Transitions and Neuronal Circuit Function?

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