“…Up to now, intelligent algorithms have been widely used in the modeling of PV modules, including differential evolution with reinforcement learning (Hu et al , 2021), modified teaching–learning-based optimization (MTLBO) (Abdel-Basset et al , 2021), fractional chaotic ensemble particle swarm optimizer (Yousri et al , 2020), slime mold algorithm (Mostafa et al , 2020), slap swarm algorithm (Messaoud, 2020), teaching–learning-based artificial bee colony (TLABC) (Chen et al , 2018), enhanced leader particle swarm optimization (ELPSO) (Rezaee Jordehi, 2018), grey wolf optimizer and cuckoo search (GWOCS) (Long et al , 2020), improved whale optimization algorithm (Xiong et al , 2018), classified perturbation mutation based particle swarm optimization (CPMPSO) (Liang et al , 2020), guaranteed convergence particle swarm optimization (GCPSO) (Nunes et al , 2018), performance-guided JAYA (PGJAYA) (Yu et al , 2019), enhanced social network search algorithm (ESNSA) (Shaheen et al , 2022), hybrid methodology named WDOWOAPSO that combines diversification and intensification mechanisms from wind driven optimization, whale optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) (Nunes et al , 2019), forensic-based investigation algorithm (FBIA) (Shaheen et al , 2020) and improved teaching–learning-based optimization (Li et al , 2019). This is due to their universal global search capabilities and their effectiveness in dealing with nonlinear functions, resulting in rapid computation and high precision.…”