The Arctic Ocean, linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and thermohaline circulation (Carmack et al., 2016;Talley et al., 2011). A major inflow to the Arctic Ocean comes from the Atlantic through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea, with a minor inflow from the Pacific side through Bering Strait (Liu, Chen, et al., 2021;Y. Ma et al., 2018). The outflow from the Arctic Ocean, being cold and fresh, is mainly conveyed by East Greenland Current through the Fram Strait, which is the only deep channel allowing energy and materials to exchange between the Arctic Ocean and other oceans (X. Wang et al., 2021). The Arctic is the most sensitive area worldwide and is undergoing visible and less visible changes such as warming, refreshing, and sea ice loss (Dai et al., 2019;Ko et al., 2020;Morison et al., 2012). External to the Arctic Ocean, the bordering subarctic oceans are undergoing substantial changes in heat, salt, and biogeochemical properties, therefore amplifying the climate response of the Arctic Ocean (Steele & Boyd, 1998).