Enhanced severity of secondary dengue-2 infections: death rates in 1981 and 1997 Cuban outbreaks

Guzmán, María G.; Kourı́, Gustavo; Valdés, Luís; Bravo, José; Vázquez, Susana; Halstead, Scott B.

doi:10.1590/s1020-49892002000400003

Cited by 183 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[67][68][69] Regulatory activities of the cytokines are probably crucial in controlling the inflammatory response during dengue disease, which is necessary for control of viral infection, and the balance among inflammatory/regulatory mediators could be related to recovery of most patients with a dengue secondary infection. 9,31,70,71 The IL-10 response of persons with a bivalent infection history showed higher expression in response to the third challenge with the three serotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Inflammatory/Regulatory Cytokines in Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Challenges with Dengue Virus

Sierra

Pérez²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Secondary heterologous dengue infection is a risk factor for severe disease manifestations because of the immune-enhancement phenomenon. Succeeding clinical infections are seldom reported, and the clinical course of tertiary and quaternary dengue infections is not clear. Cuba represents a unique environment to study tertiary/quaternary dengue infections in a population with known clinical and serologic dengue markers and no dengue endemicity. We took advantage of this exceptional epidemiologic condition to study the effect of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary dengue infection exposure on the expression of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, critical in dengue infection pathogenesis, by using a dengue infection ex vivo model. Whereas secondary exposure induced a high cytokine response, we found a significantly lower expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-10, and tumor growth factor-β after tertiary and quaternary infectious challenge. Significant differences in expression of the cytokines were seen between the dengue immune profiles, suggesting that the sequence in which the immune system encounters serotypes may be important in determining the nature of the immune response to subsequent infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Inflammatory/Regulatory Cytokines in Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Challenges with Dengue Virus

Sierra

Pérez²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in inducing protective immunity against dengue infection poses additional challenges 123 . Finally, cases of DHF/DSS have recently been documented 20 or more years after primary dengue infection, which adds a new dimension to the problem 25,44 .…”

Section: Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary dengue infections in adults can produce the classical DSS or severe disease complicated by haemorrhages. The severity of secondary dengue infections has been observed to increase from month-to-month during island outbreaks 43 ; the longer the interval between the first and second infection the more severe is the accompanying disease 44,45 . Tertiary dengue infections can cause severe disease, but only rarely 25 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Dengue: a continuing global threat

et al. 2010

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Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever are important arthropod-borne viral diseases. Each year, there are ~50 million dengue infections and ~500,000 individuals are hospitalized with dengue haemorrhagic fever, mainly in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Americas. Illness is produced by any of the four dengue virus serotypes. A global strategy aimed at increasing the capacity for surveillance and outbreak response, changing behaviours and reducing the disease burden using integrated vector management in conjunction with early and accurate diagnosis has been advocated. Antiviral drugs and vaccines that are currently under development could also make an important contribution to dengue control in the future.Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral infection of humans. Worldwide, an estimated 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection, approximately 975 million of whom live in urban areas in tropical and sub-tropical countries in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Americas 1 . Transmission also occurs in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean, and rural Europe PMC Funders GroupAuthor Manuscript Nat Rev Microbiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 February 19. Published in final edited form as:Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 December ; 8(12 0): S7-16. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2460. Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts communities are increasingly being affected. It is estimated that more than 50 million infections occur each year, including 500,000 hospitalizations for dengue haemorrhagic fever, mainly among children, with the case fatality rate exceeding 5% in some areas [1][2][3][4] . The geographical areas in which dengue transmission occurs have expanded in recent years (FIG. 1), and all four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-4) are now circulating in Asia, Africa and the Americas, a dramatically different scenario from that which prevailed 20 or 30 years ago (FIG. 2). The molecular epidemiology of these serotypes has been studied in an attempt to understand their evolutionary relationships 11 .This Review will provide an update on our understanding of the pathogenesis of this successful pathogen, how we diagnose and control infection and the progress that has been made in vaccine development. Dengue virus pathogenesisDengue viruses belong to the genus flavivirus within the Flaviviridae family. DENV-1-4 evolved in non-human primates from a common ancestor and each entered the urban cycle independently an estimated 500-1,000 years ago 12 . The virion comprises a spherical particle, 40-50 nm in diameter, with a lipopolysaccharide envelope. The positive singlestrand RNA genome (FIG. 3), which is approximately 11 kb in length, has a single open reading frame that encodes three structural proteins -the capsid (C), membrane (M) and envelope (E) glycoproteins -and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5 [18][19][20] . ADE occurs when mononuclear phagocytes are infected through their Fc receptors by immune complexes that form between DE...

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“…This was evident during the 2012 epidemic which exhausted national healthcare capabilities and prompted the Ministry of Health to open an emergency hospital. Additionally, the serotypes (16,17), the sequential order in which the serotypes are encountered within a population (18)(19)(20) and the time elapsed between primary and secondary infections (15,21) are associated with increased pathogenicity and the development of DHF. Therefore, it can be expected that as more people become exposed to the dengue virus, the disease dynamics within the Surinamese population will change.…”

Section: Global and Local Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Epidemiological Cases of Dengue Fever in Suriname, 2001–2012

Hamer

Lichtveld

2015

West Indian Med J

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Objective: To characterize the frequency, incidence and severity of dengue fever in Suriname and to detect INTRODUCTIONOver the last 50 years, the incidence of dengue fever (DF) worldwide has increased by 50-fold and 2.5 billion people currently live in dengue-endemic regions. An estimated 50 million cases of DF occur worldwide every year (1). Currently, dengue is hyperendemic in most of the countries of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Region of the Americas, including Suriname (2). Over the past 30 years, an increased level of urbanization and successful re-infestation of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue transmission, have contributed to the rapid spread of dengue in Suriname (3). The first endemic cases of DF occurred in 1981, with a total of 22 laboratory confirmed cases and an estimated 10% of the population of Paramaribo suffering from DF-like symptoms (4). An annual resurgence of DF and dengue haemorrhagic (DHF) fever began in 1997 (5) and the last registered dengue outbreak occurred toward the end of the rainy season in 2012. This annual resurgence of DF and DHF cases is influenced by demographic and environmental factors that have not been previously studied in Suriname. Thus, it is imperative to identify which factors exhibit patterns associated with the spatial and temporal distribution of DF and DHF. This study aims to 1) characterize the frequency, incidence and severity of dengue cases in Suriname from 2001 to 2012 and 2) integrate clinical and demographic information of all dengue cases to identify historic clusters of DF in Suriname.The dengue virus (DENV) is a pathogenic human virus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae). Four different types of DENV (DENV type 1 through 4, DENV1-4), which result in distinguishable serological strains, are capable of causing DF in humans (6). DENV-1 became the first documented serotype circulating in Suriname and subsequently DENV-4 was reported in 1981 (7). DENV4 was reported in Suriname in 1994, followed by DENV1 in 1998, DENV2 in 1999 and DENV3 in 2001. Moreover, different serotypes have co-circulated within the population: DENV1, DENV2 and DENV3 were isolated from the patients during the largest dengue outbreak in Suriname in 2005.The Surinamese Bureau of Public Health (Bureau Openbare Gezondheidzorg -BOG), under the Ministry of Health, is the national institute in charge of dengue surveillance and control. In 2001, epidemiological surveillance of dengue began by

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Enhanced severity of secondary dengue-2 infections: death rates in 1981 and 1997 Cuban outbreaks

Cited by 183 publications

References 23 publications

Variation in Inflammatory/Regulatory Cytokines in Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Challenges with Dengue Virus

Variation in Inflammatory/Regulatory Cytokines in Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Challenges with Dengue Virus

Dengue: a continuing global threat

Spatial Distribution of Epidemiological Cases of Dengue Fever in Suriname, 2001–2012

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